A delta is a type of wetland that forms at the mouth of a river as it empties into a larger body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. This process occurs when the river's flow slows down, allowing sediment carried downstream to settle and accumulate, creating new landforms. Deltas are characterized by their nutrient-rich sediments, which support diverse ecosystems and agriculture[2][4].
Deltas can be divided into two main parts: the subaqueous part, which is underwater and contains fine sediment, and the subaerial part, which is above water and influenced by both waves and river flow[2][4]. The formation of a delta is a gradual process that involves the interplay of various factors, including the speed of the river, the presence of waves, and tides[4].
In addition to their environmental significance, deltas are important for human settlements and agriculture, providing fertile land and supporting millions of people[3][5]. Examples of well-known deltas include the Nile Delta and the Mississippi River Delta, both of which are heavily influenced by the flow of their respective rivers and the surrounding geographical features[2][4].
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