Modern cultural shifts are influenced by a combination of cognitive dissonance, social influence, and generational differences. Cognitive dissonance plays a role when individuals encounter new societal norms that challenge their existing beliefs, leading either to adaptation or resistance to change [1]. Additionally, the desire for social belonging prompts individuals to conform to the evolving norms of their groups, contributing to both the acceptance and rejection of cultural changes [1].

Demographics are also critical, with cultural values evolving alongside birth and migration trends. Traditional values often persist in growing populations, while more developed societies tend to exhibit secular, rational values that come with lower birth rates [6]. This dynamic interplay highlights the ongoing struggle between traditional and modern cultural values in the global landscape [6].

What influences modern cultural shifts?

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