Using Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) can introduce several limitations in software architecture. One major concern is the potential for increased complexity and overhead, as maintaining numerous DTO classes for different operations can lead to a bloated codebase, making it challenging for developers to navigate and understand the system[4][5]. Additionally, DTOs do not contain business logic, which can result in a loss of context, requiring that important rules are enforced elsewhere in the system, potentially leading to inconsistencies[5][6].
Moreover, frequent changes to DTO structures due to evolving external interfaces may contribute to tight coupling that complicates maintenance, alongside the risk of data becoming stale if not regularly updated[5]. In large, dynamic projects, these factors can lead to significant challenges that may outweigh the benefits of decoupling and streamlined data transfer[4].
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