Deserts form primarily due to low precipitation and specific geographical conditions. Most deserts receive less than 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation yearly and are often located on the western sides of continents or far from coastlines. The formation process includes the 'rain shadow' effect, where mountain ranges block moist air from reaching certain areas, resulting in arid landscapes such as the Mojave and Gobi deserts[1][2][3].
Additionally, subtropical deserts arise from the descent of dry air masses that lose moisture while rising near the equator. This descending air warms and creates conditions unfavorable for cloud formation, contributing to the dry climate of deserts like the Sahara[4][6].
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