3D printers work by creating objects layer by layer, using an additive manufacturing process. The process starts with creating a 3D model using CAD software[2][3][6]. This digital model is then converted into a series of slices using slicing software, which translates the model into instructions that the printer understands[2][3][6].
The printer uses a print head that moves in three dimensions (X, Y, and Z axes) to deposit material precisely layer by layer[2][3][6]. The most common material used is plastic, although metals, ceramics, and other materials can also be used[1][3][5][6]. For example, in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a spool of plastic filament is fed through a heated nozzle that melts the material and deposits it onto the print bed[2][5]. The layers build up to form the final 3D object[1][2][6].
Other methods, like Stereolithography (SLA), cure liquid resin with a UV laser to solidify each layer[5], and laser powder bed fusion uses a laser to fuse powdered materials[5][6].
3D printing is widely used for rapid prototyping, manufacturing, medical applications, and even constructing houses[1][3][4][5][6]. While offering significant advantages in customization and speed, it often requires post-processing steps like sanding or curing to achieve the final desired finish[6].
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