What is companion planting?

Companion planting is the practice of planting different crops in proximity for various reasons, including weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, maximizing space, and increasing crop productivity. It is a form of polyculture and is utilized by farmers and gardeners worldwide for its benefits, such as potentially reducing the need for artificial fertilizers and pesticides. The technique has historical roots, with various indigenous peoples and early agricultural societies employing methods that align with modern companion planting principles. The interactions between plants in companion planting can be both positive and negative, affecting crop yields and pest management in complex ways^[1].