What is Trunk suckering?

Trunk suckering is a phenomenon where shoots emerge from the base of a tree or shrub, known as suckers, either above or below ground from the roots^[4]. These suckers are a form of vegetative dispersal that allow plants to spread to favorable habitats and stabilize soil, although some species may be invasive^[4]. Suckers arise due to factors like root damage, difficult growing conditions, or stress like drought or severe pruning^[3][5]. It can affect the tree's form, reduce flowering and fruiting, harbor pests and diseases, and affect the overall appearance of the tree^[1][3]. Prompt removal of suckers at their base is the most effective way to manage trunk suckering and prevent them from diverting energy from the tree's upper growth^[2]. Additionally, the originating plant and its suckers form a single genetic individual where each sucker is a clone of the original plant, a process that is a type of asexual reproduction or vegetative propagation used by many species^[4].