34 Concepts and Definitions
CHAPTER FOUR
EDUCATION STATISTICS
4.0 Literacy It is the ability to read and write to a competent level. It excludes the ability to only write or sign one’s own name or write memorized phrases. The ability to read and write may be in any language.
4.1 Literacy Rate This is the proportion of the population of specified age group who can read and write expressed as a percentage of the total persons of that age group.
4.1.1 Illiteracy Rate This is the proportion of the population of specified age group who cannot read and write expressed as a percentage of the total persons of that age group
4.2 Education A process of teaching, training and learning especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and skills.
4.2.1 Formal Education It is the education provided in the system of schools, colleges, universities and other educational institutions that normally constitute a continuous ladder of full - time education for children, and young people, generally beg inning at an age of five, six or seven and continuing up to 20, 25 or more years of age
35 Concepts and Definitions
4.2.2 Non-Formal Education Any organized educational activity outside the established formal system - whether operating separately or as an important feature of some broader activity - that is intended to serve identifiable learning clienteles and learning objectives
4.2.3 Informal Education Refers to any organized and sustained educational activities that do not follow any approved curriculum.
4.2.4 Educational System It is the overall network of institutions and programmes through which education of all types and levels is provided to the population.
4.2.5 Educational Programme It is a set of organized and purposeful learning experiences with a minimum duration of one school or academic year usually offered in an educational institution.
4.2.6 Universal Primary Education (UPE) Means full enrolment of all children in the primary school – age group (7 -13) that is 100 percent Net enrolment Ratio.
4.2.7 Course A planned series of learning experiences in a particular subject matter area or a set of skills, usually offered by an educational or training institution or programme for one or more students/learners.
4.2.8 Grade It is a stage of instructions usually covered in one academic year.
4.2.9 Pupil A young person who is enrolled in an educational programme. Usually pupil refers to a child enrolled in primary school.
4.2.10 Student It is a young person or an adult enrolled at more advanced levels.
4.2.11 Graduate It is a pupil or student who successfully completes a level of education such as primary, secondary or university education.
36 Concepts and Definitions 4.2.12 School-age Population It is the number of persons in the officially defined school age- group, whether enrolled in school or not in a specified area
4.2.13 Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) Number of pupils enrolled in a given level of education, regardless of age, expressed as percentage of the population in relevant official age group.
Example for primary education 100 13 7 ) ( years old children Total VII I grade in enrolled Pupils Total GER
4.2.14 Primary School Gross Enrolment Ratio The total number of children enrolled in primary school that is in classes I-VII, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children in the relevant age - group for primary school education, which is 7-13 years age - group.
4.2.15 Secondary School Gross Enrolment Ratio The total number of students enrolled in secondary schools expressed as a percentage of the total number of persons in the relevant age group for secondary school education, which is the 14-17 years age - group.
4.2.16 Vocational Training School Gross Enrolment Ratio The total number of students enrolled in vocational training schools expressed as a percentage of the total number of persons in the relevant age - group for vocational education, which is the 14-17 years age group.
4.2.17 Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) It is the total number of pupils/students in the official school-age group expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group. Example for Primary Education
100 13 7 13 7 children old years Total years aged pupils VII I Grade NER
4.2.18 Drop-out Rate (DR) It is the percentage of pupils enrolled in a given grade or cycle or level of education in a given school year that are no longer enrolled in the following school year.
37 Concepts and Definitions 100 N year in Grade that in Enrolment N year in Grade a in Dropouts DR
4.2.19 Transition Rate (TR) The number of pupils (or students) admitted to the first grade of a higher level of education in a given year, expressed as a percentage of the number of pupils (or students) enrolled in the final grade of the lower level of education in the previous year.
4.2.20 Promotion Rate It is the percentage of pupils promoted to the next grade in the following school year.
100 1 Pr N year in Grade that in Enrolment N year in Grade a to omoted PR
4.2.21 Repetition Rate It is the proportion of pupils enrolled in a given grade and in a given school year who study in the same grade the following school year.
100 1 Re N year in Grade that in Enrolment N year in Grade a in peaters RR
4.2.22 Mean Years of Schooling The total number of years of schooling received by persons aged 25 years and above divided by the total number of persons aged 25 years or older.
N x x N x x p y MYS 25 25
Where, MYS = Mean Years of Schooling xy = Years from age 25 years and above N = Age above 25 years x p = Persons with years from age 25 years and above ∑ = Sum
4.2.23 Mean Age Enrolment for Primary School It is the average age of enrolment in Primary schools.
38 Concepts and Definitions
4.2.24 Teacher A person who on his/her professional capacity guides and directs pupil learning experiences in gaining knowledge, attitudes, and skills that are stipulated by a defined curriculum programme.
4.2.25 Full-time Teacher A person engaged in teaching for specified number of hours per week according to official regulations in the country.
4.2.26 Part- time Teacher A teacher employed for less than the normal or statutory number of hours of work for a full- time teacher over a complete school year.
4.2.27 Gender Parity Index (GPI) Ratio of females to males, that is, the number of females divided by males.
4.2.28 Net Intake Rate (NIR) New entrants in the first grade of pre-primary or primary education who are of official school-entrance age expressed as a percentage of the official school entrance age population.
4.2.29 Survival Rate (SR)
Percentage of pupils/students enrolled in a first grade of a given level of education who reach
final grade of that level.
4.2.30 Completion Rate (CR) Number of pupils/students enrolled in a final grade of a given level of education expressed as percentage of school-age population of that grade.
4.2.31 Pass Rate (PR) Number of pupils/students who passed an exam expressed as percentage of total candidates who sat for the examination.
4.2.32 Pupil/Student Book Ratio (PBR) Average number of pupils/students per book.
4.2.33 Teacher Attrition Rate Proportion of teachers who leave the teaching career in a given year.
4.2.34 Percentage of New Entrants into Primary schools with Pre-Primary Education New entrants into primary schools who have attended pre-pimary education expressed as percentage of all new entrants.
39 Concepts and Definitions
4.2.35 Percentage of Tutors in Teachers’ Colleges with Relevant Qualifications Tutors in teachers’ Colleges who have relevant university degrees or diplomas expessed as percentage of all tutors.
4.2.36 Percentage of Female Students Number of female students expressed as percentage of total number of students.
4.2.37 Percentage Distribution of Teaching Staff by qualification and sex Distribution of teachers by qualification expressed as percentage of all teachers.
4.2.38 Percent of Trainees by Type of VET Program Number of VET trainees by type of VET programme expressed as percent of total trainees.
4.2.39 Percentage of Female Students Enrolled in Technical and Higher Learning institutions by Award and Field of Study Number of female students enrolled in Technical and Higher Learning institutions expressed as percentage of total enrolment by Award and Fild of Study.
4.2.40 Percentage of Students Studying Abroad by Field of Study Number of students studying abroad by field of study expressed as percentage of all students studying abroad.
4.2.41 Percent Distribution of Higher Education Students provided with Loans by sex Number of higher education students provided with loans expressed as percentage of students by sex.
4.2.42 MoEVT Budget Allocation as Percentage of Total Government Budget Budget of MoEVT expressed as percentage o total government budget.
4.2.43 Share of Government Budget on Education Sub-Sectors as Prcentage o Total Government Budget on Education Sector Budget of educatin sub-sectors expressed as percentage of total government budget in the education sector.
4.2.44 Pupil/Student Qualified Teacher Ratio (PQTR) Average number of pupils/students enrolled in a first grade of a given level of education who reach final grade of that level.
4.2.45 Pupil/Teacher Ratio (Primary School) Number of primary school pupils per teacher.
40 Concepts and Definitions teachers of Number Total Pupils imary of Number PTR Pr
4.2.46 Student/Teacher Ratio (Secondary School) Number of secondary school students per teacher.
teachers of Number Pupils Secondary of Number STR
41 Concepts and Definitions
CHAPTER FIVE
HEALTH STATISTICS
Health is a state of physical, social and mental well -being: it is not the absence of disease or infirmity. The health status helps to show the welfare of a person. On the other hand, poor health status represents a major manife station of poverty. Inadequate health services, lack of food, safe water, income or education are inter-linked factors.
Health and medical statistics incorporate a variety of data types. The most common statistics reported are vital (birth, death, marria ge, divorce rates), morbidity (incidence of disease in a population) and mortality (the number of people who die of a certain disease compared with the total number of people). Other common statistical data reported are health care costs, the demographic distribution of disease based on geographic, ethnic, and gender variables, and data on the socioeconomic status and education of health care professionals
5.0 Morbidity
It is the relative frequency of occurrence of disease, illness, injuries, and disabili ties in a
population.
Disease is a disorder with a specific cause and recognizable signs and symptoms ; any
bodily abnormality or failure to function properly, except that resulting directly from
physical injury.
Illness refers to poor health resulting from disease of body or mind.
Injury is a disease or impairment of a person's body or mind.
42 Concepts and Definitions 5.1 Disease Incidence Measures the number of new cases of a particular disease arising in a population at risk in a certain time period.
5.2 Disease Prevalence Measures all cases of the disease existing at a point in time. Alternatively: duration Average Incidence evalence Pr
5.3 Notefiable disease. Is any disease that is required by the law to be reported to the government authorities to allow monitoring of the disease and provide early warning of possible outbreaks
5.4 Sanitation Is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes.
5.5 Family planning Refers to the planning of when to have, and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans.
5.6 Trachoma Is an infectious eye disease, and leading cause of world’s infectious blindness.
5.7 Antenatal care Concerns with the care and treatment of unborn child and pregnant woman (antenatal clinic).
5.8 Medicine Is a science and art of healing it encompasses variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. 5.9 Diagnosis Is an art of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms.
5.10 Impairment Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological or anatomical structure or function.
5.11 Disability It is any restriction or lack (resulting from impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. It is a limitation in regard to the kind or amount of activities a person can do due to long-term physical condition, mental condition or health problem.