International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4 86 considered to be a part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is considered to be the treatment or processing of waste and they are therefore classified in Section E (Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities). However, the manufacture of new final products (as opposed to secondary raw materials) is classified in manufacturing, even if these processes use waste as an input. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered to be a manufacturing process. Specialized maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equip- ment is, in general, classified in division 33 (Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment). However, the repair of computers and personal and household goods is classi- fied in division 95 (Repair of computers and personal and household goods), while the repair of motor vehicles is classified in division 45 (Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles). The installation of machinery and equipment, when carried out as a specialized activity, is classi- fied in 3320. Remark: The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. As a general rule, the activities in the manufacturing section involve the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the defini- tion of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in ISIC: milk pasteurizing and bottling (see 1050) — — fresh fish processing (oyster shucking, fish filleting), not done on a fishing boat (see — — 1020) printing and related activities (see 1811, 1812) — — ready-mixed concrete production (see 2395) — — leather converting (see 1511) — — wood preserving (see 1610) — — electroplating, plating, metal heat treating, and polishing (see 2592) — — rebuilding or remanufacturing of machinery (e.g. automobile engines, see 2910) — — tyre retreading (see 2211) — — Conversely, there are activities that, although sometimes involving transformation processes, are classified in other sections of ISIC; in other words, they are not classified as manufacturing. They include: logging, classified in section A (Agriculture, forestry and fishing); — — beneficiating of agricultural products, classified in section A (Agriculture, forestry and — — fishing); beneficiating of ores and other minerals, classified in section B (Mining and quarrying); — — construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construc- — — tion, classified in section F (Construction); activities of breaking bulk and redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repack- — — aging or bottling of products, such as liquors or chemicals; sorting of scrap; mixing of paints to customers’ order; and cutting of metals to customers’ order, producing a modi- fied version of the same product, are classified to section G (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles). 10 Manufacture of food products This division includes the processing of the products of agriculture, forestry and fishing into food for humans or animals, and includes the production of various intermediate products that are not directly food products. The activity often generates associated products of greater or lesser value (for example, hides from slaughtering, or oilcake from oil production).
Detailed structure and explanatory notes 87 This division is organized by activities dealing with different kinds of products: meat, fish, fruit and vegetables, fats and oils, milk products, grain mill products, animal feeds and other food products. Production can be carried out for own account, as well as for third parties, as in custom slaughtering. Some activities are considered manufacturing (for example, those performed in baker- ies, pastry shops, and prepared meat shops etc. which sell their own production) even though there is retail sale of the products in the producers’ own shop. However, where the processing is minimal and does not lead to a real transformation, the unit is classified to Wholesale and retail trade (section G). Production of animal feeds from slaughter waste or by-products is classified in 1080, while processing food and beverage waste into secondary raw material is classified to 3830, and disposal of food and beverage waste in 3821. 101 Processing and preserving of meat See class 1010. 1010 Processing and preserving of meat This class includes: operation of slaughterhouses engaged in killing, dressing or packing meat: beef, pork, — — poultry, lamb, rabbit, mutton, camel, etc. production of fresh, chilled or frozen meat, in carcasses — — production of fresh, chilled or frozen meat, in cuts — — production of fresh, chilled or frozen meat, in individual portions — — production of dried, salted or smoked meat — — production of meat products: — — sausages, salami, puddings, “andouillettes”, saveloys, bolognas, pâtés, rillettes, boiled ham This class also includes: slaughtering and processing of whales on land or on specialized vessels — — production of hides and skins originating from slaughterhouses, including fellmon- — — gery rendering of lard and other edible fats of animal origin — — processing of animal offal — — production of pulled wool — — production of feathers and down — — This class excludes: manufacture of prepared frozen meat and poultry dishes, see 1075 — — manufacture of soup containing meat, see 1079 — — wholesale trade of meat, see 4630 — — packaging of meat, see 8292 — — 102 Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs See class 1020.
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4 88 1020 Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs This class includes: preparation and preservation of fish, crustaceans and molluscs: freezing, deep-freez- — — ing, drying, smoking, salting, immersing in brine, canning etc. production of fish, crustacean and mollusc products: cooked fish, fish fillets, roes, cav- — — iar, caviar substitutes etc. production of fishmeal for human consumption or animal feed — — production of meals and solubles from fish and other aquatic animals unfit for human — — consumption This class also includes: activities of vessels engaged only in the processing and preserving of fish — — processing of seaweed — — This class excludes: processing of whales on land or specialized vessels, see 1010 — — production of oils and fats from marine material, see 1040 — — manufacture of prepared frozen fish dishes, see 1075 — — manufacture of fish soups, see 1079 — — 103 Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables See class 1030. 1030 Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables This class includes: manufacture of food consisting chiefly of fruit or vegetables, except ready-made dishes — — in frozen or canned form preserving of fruit, nuts or vegetables: freezing, drying, immersing in oil or in vinegar, — — canning etc. manufacture of fruit or vegetable food products — — manufacture of fruit or vegetable juices — — manufacture of jams, marmalades and table jellies — — processing and preserving of potatoes: — — manufacture of prepared frozen potatoes manufacture of dehydrated mashed potatoes manufacture of potato snacks manufacture of potato crisps manufacture of potato flour and meal roasting of nuts — — manufacture of nut foods and pastes — — This class also includes: industrial peeling of potatoes — — production of concentrates from fresh fruits and vegetables — — manufacture of perishable prepared foods of fruit and vegetables, such as: — — salads peeled or cut vegetables tofu (bean curd)
Detailed structure and explanatory notes 89 This class excludes: manufacture of flour or meal of dried leguminous vegetables, see 1061 — — preservation of fruit and nuts in sugar, see 1073 — — manufacture of prepared vegetable dishes, see 1075 — — manufacture of artificial concentrates, see 1079 — — 104 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats See class 1040. 1040 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats This class includes the manufacture of crude and refined oils and fats from vegetable or animal materials, except rendering or refining of lard and other edible animal fats. This class includes: manufacture of crude vegetable oils: olive oil, soya-bean oil, palm oil, sunflower-seed — — oil, cotton-seed oil, rape, colza or mustard oil, linseed oil etc. manufacture of non-defatted flour or meal of oilseeds, oil nuts or oil kernels — — manufacture of refined vegetable oils: olive oil, soya-bean oil etc. — — processing of vegetable oils: blowing, boiling, dehydration, hydrogenation etc. — — manufacture of margarine — — manufacture of melanges and similar spreads — — manufacture of compound cooking fats — — This class also includes: manufacture of non-edible animal oils and fats — — extraction of fish and marine mammal oils — — production of cotton linters, oilcakes and other residual products of oil production — — This class excludes: rendering and refining of lard and other edible animal fats, see 1010 — — wet corn milling, see 1062 — — production of essential oils, see 2029 — — treatment of oil and fats by chemical processes, see 2029 — — 105 Manufacture of dairy products See class 1050. 1050 Manufacture of dairy products This class includes: manufacture of fresh liquid milk, pasteurized, sterilized, homogenized and/or ultra — — heat treated manufacture of milk-based drinks — — manufacture of cream from fresh liquid milk, pasteurized, sterilized, homogenized — — manufacture of dried or concentrated milk whether or not sweetened — — manufacture of milk or cream in solid form — — manufacture of butter — — manufacture of yoghurt — —
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4 90 manufacture of cheese and curd — — manufacture of whey — — manufacture of casein or lactose — — manufacture of ice cream and other edible ice such as sorbet — — This class excludes: production of raw milk (cattle), see 0141 — — production of raw milk (camels, etc.), see 0143 — — production of raw milk (sheep, goats, horses, asses, etc.), see 0144 — — manufacture of non-dairy milk and cheese substitutes, see 1079 — — activities of ice cream parlours, see 5610 — — 106 Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products This group includes the milling of flour or meal from grains or vegetables, the milling, cleaning and polishing of rice, as well as the manufacture of flour mixes or doughs from these products. Also included in this group are the wet milling of corn and vegetables and the manufacture of starch and starch products. 1061 Manufacture of grain mill products This class includes: grain milling: production of flour, groats, meal or pellets of wheat, rye, oats, maize — — (corn) or other cereal grains rice milling: production of husked, milled, polished, glazed, parboiled or converted — — rice; production of rice flour vegetable milling: production of flour or meal of dried leguminous vegetables, of roots — — or tubers, or of edible nuts manufacture of cereal breakfast foods — — manufacture of flour mixes and prepared blended flour and dough for bread, cakes, — — biscuits or pancakes This class excludes: manufacture of potato flour and meal, see 1030 — — wet corn milling, see 1062 — — 1062 Manufacture of starches and starch products This class includes: manufacture of starches from rice, potatoes, maize etc. — — wet corn milling — — manufacture of glucose, glucose syrup, maltose, inulin etc. — — manufacture of gluten — — manufacture of tapioca and tapioca substitutes prepared from starch — — manufacture of corn oil — — This class excludes: manufacture of lactose (milk sugar), see 1050 — — production of cane or beet sugar, see 1072 — —
Detailed structure and explanatory notes 91 107 Manufacture of other food products This group includes the production of a variety of food products not included in previous groups of this division. This includes the production of bakery products, sugar and con- fectionery, macaroni, noodles and similar products, prepared meals and dishes, coffee, tea and spices, as well as perishable and specialty food products. 1071 Manufacture of bakery products This class includes the manufacture of fresh, frozen or dry bakery products. This class includes: manufacture of bread and rolls — — manufacture of fresh pastry, cakes, pies, tarts etc. — — manufacture of rusks, biscuits and other “dry” bakery products — — manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes — — manufacture of snack products (cookies, crackers, pretzels etc.), whether sweet or — — salted manufacture of tortillas — — manufacture of frozen bakery products: pancakes, waffles, rolls etc. — — This class excludes: manufacture of farinaceous products (pastas), see 1074 — — manufacture of potato snacks, see 1030 — — heating up of bakery items for immediate consumption, see division 56 — — 1072 Manufacture of sugar This class includes: manufacture or refining of sugar (sucrose) and sugar substitutes from the juice of cane, — — beet, maple and palm manufacture of sugar syrups — — manufacture of molasses — — production of maple syrup and sugar — — This class excludes: manufacture of glucose, glucose syrup, maltose, see 1062 — — 1073 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery This class includes: manufacture of cocoa, cocoa butter, cocoa fat, cocoa oil — — manufacture of chocolate and chocolate confectionery — — manufacture of sugar confectionery: caramels, cachous, nougats, fondant, white choc- — — olate manufacture of chewing gum — — preserving in sugar of fruit, nuts, fruit peels and other parts of plants — — manufacture of confectionery lozenges and pastilles — — This class excludes: manufacture of sucrose sugar, see 1072 — —