DATA SUPPORT OPEN Training Module 1.1
Open Government
Data & the PSI
Directive
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DATASUPPORT
OPEN
This presentation has been created by PwC
Authors:
Makx Dekkers, Nikolaos Loutas, Michiel De Keyzer
and Stijn Goedertier
Presentation metadata Slide 2 Open Data Support is funded by the European Commission under SMART 2012/0107 ‘Lot 2: Provision of services for the Publication, Access and Reuse of Open Public Data across the European Union, through existing open data portals’ (Contract No. 30-CE- 0530965/00-17).
© 2014European Commission Disclaimers 1. The views expressed in this presentation are purely those of the authors and may not, in any circumstances, be interpreted as stating an official position of the European Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the information included in this presentation, nor does it accept any responsibility for any use thereof. Reference herein to any specific products, specifications, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the European Commission. All care has been taken by the author to ensure that s/he has obtained, where necessary, permission to use any parts of manuscripts including illustrations, maps, and graphs, on which intellectual property rights already exist from the titular holder(s) of such rights or from her/his or their legal representative. 2. This presentation has been carefully compiled by PwC, but no representation is made or warranty given (either express or implied) as to the completeness or accuracy of the information it contains. PwC is not liable for the information in this presentation or any decision or consequence based on the use of it. PwC will not be liable for any damages arising from the use of the information contained in this presentation. The information contained in this presentation is of a general nature and is solely for guidance on matters of general interest. This presentation is not a substitute for professional advice on any particular matter. No reader should act on the basis of any matter contained in this publication without considering appropriate professional advice.
DATASUPPORT OPEN Learning objectives By the end of this training module you should have an understanding of: • Open Data, Open Government Data, Linked Data and how these concepts relate; • Open Government Data, related policies and initiatives; • The role of the PSI Directive in opening up Government Data.
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Content
This module contains ...
• An introduction to Open Data, Open Government Data and Linked
Data;
• Open Government Data policies;
• Case studies with examples of apps and services based on Open
Government Data;
• The history, objectives and obligations of the PSI Directive.
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Open Data, Open
Government Data &
Linked Data
What do these terms mean and how do they relate?
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What is Open Data?
“A piece of data or content is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and
redistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute
and/or share-alike.”
--opendefinition.org
In summary, this means the following:
• Availability and Access: the data must be available as a whole and at no more than
a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably by downloading over the internet. The data
must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form.
• Reuse and Redistribution: the data must be provided under terms that permit
reuse and redistribution including the intermixing with other datasets.
• Universal Participation: everyone must be able to use, reuse and redistribute -
there should be no discrimination against fields of endeavour or against persons or
groups. For example, ‘non-commercial’ restrictions that would prevent ‘commercial’
use, or restrictions of use for certain purposes (e.g. only in education), are not allowed .
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What is Open Government Data?
Open government data means:
•
Data produced or commissioned by government or government controlled
entities.
•
Data which is open as defined in the Open Definition – that is, it can be
freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone.
•
Data that is not sensitive or private.
Slide 7 Source:[http://data.gov.uk/data] Source:[http://publicdata.eu/]
DATASUPPORT OPEN What is a dataset “A collection of data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more formats.” --Data Catalogue Vocabulary (DCAT) - W3C
For instance:
•
Credit Institutions Register of the European Banking Authority ;
•
% of persons employed with ICT user skills;
•
…
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Expected benefits of Open Government Data
Transparency. Citizens need to know what their government is doing. They
need to be able freely to access government data and information and to
share that information with other citizens. Sharing and reuse allows
analysing and visualising to create more understanding.
Releasing social and commercial value. Data is a key resource for
social and commercial activities. Government creates or holds a large
amount of information. Open government data can help drive the creation of
innovative business and services that deliver social and commercial value.
Participatory governance. Open Data enables citizens to be much more
directly informed and involved in decision-making and facilitation their
contribution to the process of governance.
Reducing government costs. Open Data enables the sharing of
information within governments in machine-readable interoperable formats,
hence reducing costs of information exchange and data integration.
Governments themselves are the biggest reusers of Open Government Data.
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What is Linked Data?
“Linked Data is about publishing and connecting structured data on
the Web, using standard Web technologies to make the connections
readable by computers, enabling data from different sources to be
connected and queried allowing for better interpretation and
analysis.”
Tim Berners-Lee outlined four principles of Linked Data: • Use URIs as names for things. • Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. • When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL). • Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things. Slide 10
DATASUPPORT OPEN Open Government Data and Linked Data The five stars of Linked Open Data Slide 11 See also: http://www.slideshare.net/OpenDataSupport /introduction-to-linked-data-23402165
DATASUPPORT OPEN Linked (open) government data – value proposition • Flexible data integration: LOGD facilitates data integration and enables the interconnection of previously disparate government datasets. • Increase in data quality: The increased (re)use of LOGD triggers a growing demand to improve data quality. Through crowd-sourcing and self-service mechanisms, errors are progressively corrected. • New services: The availability of LOGD gives rise to new services offered by the public and/or private sector. • Cost reduction: The reuse of LOGD in e-Government applications leads to considerable cost reductions.
12 See also: ISA Study on Business Models for LOGD https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/semic/document/study-business- models-linked-open-government-data-bm4logd
DATASUPPORT OPEN Group questions Some public agencies are sceptical towards Open Government Data, because opening-up data results in a loss of revenue. How would you deal with this in your country?
What are, in your opinion, the expected benefits and pitfalls of Open Government Data?
Can you think of possible value-added applications and services based on Open Government Data?
Slide 13 http://www.visualpharm.com http://www.visualpharm.com http://www.visualpharm.com Take also the online test here!
DATASUPPORT OPEN Open Government Data Policies
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European Commission Open Data policy
Focus on generating value through reuse of a specific type of data – public sector
information, sometimes also referred to as government data
• Significant potential for reuse in new products and services;
• Addressing societal challenges –discover new and innovative solutions;
• Achieving efficiency gains inside and between public administrations;
• Fostering participation of citizens and increasing transparency of government.
Concrete measures:
• Legal rules, e.g. revised PSI Directive (Directive 2013/37/EU ) and national legislation,
and rules on reuse of the Commission's own data (Commission Decision
2011/833/EU);
• Non-legislative measures such as: economic studies, discussion in Member States’
expert group, thematic networks and stakeholder outreach activities;
• National/regional/sectoral Open Data Portals.
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See also:
https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/open-data-0
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UK Open Data White Paper: Unleashing the
Potential
Main goals:
• Building a transparent society
• Enhanced access
- More open data, engaging developers and users, changing culture in the public sector, regulating data, strengthening usability. • Building trust
- Open policy making, privacy impact assessment. • Making smarter use of data
- Anonymised data, breaking down barriers. Case studies at: http://data.gov.uk/search/apachesolr_search?filters=ty pe:resource%20tid:11279 Slide 16
DATASUPPORT OPEN Denmark: Good basic data for everyone Public authorities in Denmark register various core information about individuals, businesses, real properties, buildings, addresses, and more. This information, called basic data, is reused throughout the public sector.
• Public and businesses are provided a better and
more efficient service, when data that has already
been recorded is shared across institutions and is
included directly in case processing.
• Employees in the public sector will be less
burdened by repetitive and routine tasks, and this,
in turn, will release more resources for increased
welfare in e.g. the healthcare and education sectors.
• Open and homogenous reuse of basic data also has
great value for the private sector, partly because
businesses use this data in their internal processes
and, partly, because the information contained in
public-sector data can be exploited for entirely new
products and solutions, in particular digital ones.
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DATASUPPORT OPEN US Executive Order - Open and Machine Readable Government Information General principles: • Openness strengthens democracy, promotes good services to citizens and contributes to economic growth; fuels entrepreneurship, innovation and scientific discovery and contributes to job creation • Default state for government information resources to be open and machine-readable, managed through life-cycle, promoting interoperability and openness • Release data in such way that it is easy to find, accessible, and usable • Ensure safeguarding individual privacy, confidentiality, and national security Slide 18
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Swedish mission for the further development of
öppndata.se
The Swedish Agency for Innovation
Systems (Vinnova) was commissioned in
2012 to develop a technology platform for
the dissemination of data that is made
available for re-use (öppnadata.se) - a
portal for innovation.
In order to achieve this objective the
platform will provide citizens and
businesses with:
•
A common service directory for
published open data sources;
•
An open directory of the services and
applications that have been developed
using resources from the above
catalogue of services; and
•
A common development environment
for developers.
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Estonian Open Data Green Book
• Green Paper on the disclosure
of Public Sector Information in
Estonia in a machine-
readable format.
• The Green Paper is based on the
Government's Action
Programme 2011 -
2015
• (In Estonian)
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France open data strategy
The French government agency Etalab,
responsible for open government data,
published an overview of priorities and
activities for the French government
concerning open government data.
The actions are grouped in the following areas:
• Working on opening up strategic data sets;
• Facilitating and improving the process of
opening up public data in ministries, public
institutions and local authorities;
• Supporting innovative reuse;;
• Evaluation of existing charging practices;
• Changes in the administrative and legal
framework;
• International actions;
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G8 Charter on Open Data…
In the charter, the G8 agreed that open
data are an untapped resource with huge
potential to encourage the building of
stronger, more interconnected societies
that better meet the needs of our citizens
and allow innovation and prosperity to
flourish.
The G8 agreed on the following set of
principles:
•
Open Data by Default;
•
Quality and Quantity;
•
Useable by All;
•
Releasing Data for Improved
Governance; and
•
Releasing Data for Innovation.
The G8 Open Data Charter has been
transposed in the Open Data Action Plans
of the following EU MSs:
•
FR – Open Data Action Plan
•
IT – Open Data Action Plan
•
UK – G8 Open Data Charter: UK Action
Plan 2013
and the European Commission:
•
EU – Implementation of the G8 Open
Data Charter
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