Oar, Broken, 122 Oban, Early Morning Wait at, 133 Offering My Brother for Sale, 49 Oil from a Dead Whale, 46 — Squirted by Forked-tailed Petrels, 80; by Fulmar Petrel, 115, 119 Ornithologists, Startler for, 24 Orphans, How cared for at St. Kilda, 53 Ospreys at Home, 194 Owl carrying its Prey, 245 — mobbed by Small Birds, 245 — Photographing, by Flashlight, 244 — Procuring Food by Day, 244 Owls, Where they Sleep, 244 Oyster-catcher's Nest, Curious lining of an, 193

Paradise of British Ornithologists, 1 Parliament, St. Kilda, 53 Parsley, Hare's Love of, 177

Parting with Friends, 129 Passengers on a Highland Boat, 311 Partridges, Call-Notes of, 172 —— Curious Temper of, 170 —— Poaching of, 171 —— Protection of, 171 —— “Jugging of,” 170 Paying People to Photograph them, 50 Peat-Diggers, 319 Peewit, Habits of, 212 Perches of Sleeping Birds, 232 Peregrine, Keeping a, off Her Eggs, 138 —— Notes of, 136 —— Robbing Terns, 258 —— Story of, 138 —— Trying to shoot, 136 —— Wing-Power of, 138 Peregrine's Love of an Old Breeding Haunt, 138 Peregrines, Trying to shoot a Pair of, 141 Petrels, Breeding Burrows and Habits of, 244 —— Fulmar (see Fulmar Petrel) Pheasant-Breeding, 164, 166 Pheasants, Eggs of, stolen by Rooks, 146 —— „ Variation in Colour of, 166 —— Favourite Roost, 240 —— Great theft of Young, 168 —— How Young are reared, 168 —— Where they sleep, 247 —— Young, and Hawks, 142 Photograph of Cormorants, Swimming for, 348 Photographer and Camera falling into a Pond, 358 —— Falling through a Floor, 8 Photographic Apparatus, Our, 334 Photographing Adder, 140 —— Birds by Night, Difficulties of, 247 —— Birds' Nests in High Hedges, 352 —— Birds on Snow, 355 —— Blackbirds feeding their Young, 213 —— from Boats, 350 —— Fulmar Petrel, 108, 115 —— Gray Wagtail on her Nest, 200 —— Insects, 358 —— in Water, 352 —— Jay feeding her Young, 224 —— Kingfisher, 355 —— Moth by Flashlight, 247 —— Nests in Trees, 344 —— „ „ Dangers and Difficulties of, 346, 348 —— Owl by Flashlight, 244 —— St. Kilda Wren, 74 —— „ „ Wren's Nest by Reflected Light, 75 —— Shrike on her Nest, 200 —— Solan Geese, Danger of, 268 —— Swallows by Flashlight, 240 —— „ on Telegraph Wire, 350 —— Thrush at Roost, 234 —— under Difficulties, 110 —— Water Voles, 354 —— Wild Animals, 354 —— „ Duck, 358 —— with Camera on Stilts, 352 —— Young Eider, 262 —— „ Shags, 104 Photographs, Sitting up all Night for, 316 —— How we take our, 334 Photography, Curious Notions about, 326 —— Dangers of Cliff, 341 Physical Degeneracy, 32 Piety of St. Kildans, 11 Picture, A Dearly-Bought, 228 Pigeon, How a Homer, saved a Child's Life, 324 Plover, Ringed, Habits of, 208 —— „ Young of, 208 Plovers, Position of Eggs of, 206 —— Where they sleep, 231

366

INDEX.

Poached Hare for Sale, 172 Poacher, Pathetic Story of a, 169 —— Shooting Hares by Moonlight, 176 —— Trying to trap a Hare, 177 Poachers, Different Kinds of, 169, 170 Poaching Grouse, 156 —— „ Weather for, 162 —— Hares, 172–175 —— Partridges, 171 —— of Partridges, how prevented, 171 Pond, Photographer and Camera fall into a, 358 Population of St. Kilda, 32 Porpoises, Wallowing, 3 Position, A Perilous, 110 Prayers of Highlanders, 320 Precipice, Highest, in British Isles, 56 Protection of Birds' Eggs and Young, 207 Provisions for St. Kilda, 1 Puffin, Bitten by, 78 —— Burrow, Saved by, 128 —— Gin, 112 —— „ at Work, 109 —— Inquisitiveness of, 109 —— Life, Plenitude of, 113 —— Snaring, 80, 81, 112 Puffins, Behaviour of, when snared, 110 —— Catch of, on Borrera, 84 —— Ejecting Rabbits from Burrows, 78 —— Flying against Wind, 61 —— Great Numbers of, on Sea, 102, 113 —— „ Slaughter of, 113 —— Grotesque Appearance of, 270 —— Kippered, 113 —— on Ailsa Craig, 268 —— Round Borrera, 76 —— Sound of Wings of, 78

Quartered in an Empty Cottage, 8 Queen of St. Kilda, 51 Quern Stones at St. Kilda, 53

Rabbits, Accidents to Young, 180 —— Biting their Captors, 181, 182 —— Breeding Habits of, 177 —— Fleas on, 181 —— Great Fecundity of, 180 —— Hide their Nests, 177, 180 —— on Farne Islands, 332 —— Snared by day, 181 Race for a Train, 324 Rats, How to catch, 135 Ravens at St. Kilda, 100, 101 —— Curious Habits of, 148 —— Effect of, on Grouse, 163 —— Shot by Gamekeeper, 241 —— Where they sleep, 240 Razorbill, Young, 105 Razorbills, Clever capture of, 108 —— Round Borrera, 108 Receiver, Birdcatcher's, 282 Redstarts, Great Catch of, 292 Relics of Bygone Days, 53 Religion, An Austere, 36 Request, A Particular, 324 Rest enjoyed by Birds, 246 Ring-Ouzel, Habits of, 292 Robin, Male feeds Female, 202 Robins' Nests in Curious Situations, 196 Rocks grooved by Boat Keels, 44 —— Steepness of, at St. Kilda, 66 Rook frozen to Death, 233 —— Stealing Sticks from Heron, 190 Rooks killing Fledgelings, 146 —— Repairing Nests in Autumn, 236 —— Stealing Grouse Eggs, 146 —— „ Pheasants' Eggs, 146 —— „ Sticks, 190 Roosting of Grouse in Trees, 164 —— „ Partridges, 170

Rope, Horsehair, 124, 126 Ropes, Fowling, 124, 126

St. Cuthbert's Tower, Sleeping in a Haunted Room in, 332 St. Kilda, Amusing the Men of, 81 —— An Old Maid's Apartment at, 34 —— Aptitude of Inhabitants for Cliff-climbing, 57 —— Arrival of Strangers at, 6 —— as a Prize in a Boat-race, 16 —— Astonishing the Natives of, 63 —— Beards of Men of, 32 —— Bees never seen at, 128 —— Birds seen at, 57 —— „ that only lay one Egg at, 120 —— Brooches, Peculiar, 19 —— Caring for Widows and Orphans at, 53 —— Cheese, 39 —— Cleits, 46 —— Cliffs of, 56 —— Cliff-climbing, 57 —— Clipping Shears unknown at, 41 —— Complexion of People at, 46 —— Cuckoo considered a Messenger of Death at, 128 —— Curious Boat-handling Custom at, 43 —— Death Dirge, Singing of, at, 34 —— Dignity of People of, 54 —— Direction of, indicated by Puffins and Guillemots during a Fog, 4 —— Division of Cliffs of, 53 —— Dogs of, 6 —— Domestic Fowls little valued at, 48 —— Dress of Women at, 19 —— Drunkenness unknown in, 35 —— Early Marriage at, 37 —— Effect of Bagpipes on People of, 37 —— “Eight-Day Sickness,” 33 —— Etiquette, Curious, 27 —— Factor's awkward Predicament, 24 —— First Acquaintance of Inhabitants with Cement, 10 —— „ Sight of, 5 —— Food-supply of, compared with that of Hebridean Crofters, 9 —— Fuel, 46 —— Generosity of People of, 52 —— Graveyard neglected at, 44 —— Great Disappointment for People of, 48 —— „ Number of Eggs gathered, 119 —— „ Slaughter of Puffins, 113 —— „ Tragedy, 54 —— Growing Strawberries, 24 —— Hard Lot of Women, 19 —— Hearthrug for a Shawl, 22 —— Heron considered a Witch, 128 —— History of Illumination, 23 —— Honesty and Inquisitiveness of the Inhabitants, 23 —— Houses, 11 —— Inhabitants of, come to meet us, 8 —— „ „ landing Provisions, 8 —— Innocent Simplicity of People, 27 —— Isolation of, 28 —— Jew Pedlar, 27 —— Lady Grange's Exile, 28 —— Last Sight, 129 —— Letters from, 20 —— Light during Night, 100 —— „ How they used to pay for one, 54 —— Loyalty of People of, 27 —— Love from, 129 —— „ of Gaudy Colours amongst Women, 22 —— „ of Natives for, 49 —— “Lover's Stone,” 37 —— Mailboat, 28

INDEX.

367

St. Kilda, Market Day, 26 —— Married state distinguished by Peculiar Head-dress, 22 —— Meeting of Past and Present, 23 —— Men, 10 —— „ make Women's Clothes, 18 —— Method of catching Sheep, 40 —— Milking Ewes, 19 —— Mortality amongst Babes, 33 —— Origin of People of, 18 —— Parliament of, 53 —— Parting with Natives of, 129 —— Pastures on Sea-Cliffs, 41 —— Petrels breeding, 244 —— Physical Degeneracy of People of, 32 —— Piety of People of, 11 —— Population of, 32 —— Queen of, 51 —— Ravages of Smallpox, 34 —— Relics, 53 —— Rough Seas, 43 —— Sale of Sea-Birds' Eggs, 8 —— Seals at, 48 —— Seeming Indifference of Inhabitants to Arrival of Strangers, 6 —— Sharing Profit of Boat, 53 —— „ Birds' Eggs, 53 —— Sharks, 48 —— Signs of Modernity, 22 —— Steepness of Rocks, 66 —— Stock of Cattle and Sheep, 38 —— Stone Lamp still in use, 14 —— “Stranger's cold,” 33 —— Sunday, 9 —— Swallow, 57 —— Taste for Sweets, 35 —— The only inhabited part of the British Isles unsurveyed, 36 —— Tree Sparrows, 58 —— Underground Dwelling, 13 —— Viking Spearhead found, 13 —— Watchfulness of Inhabitants of, 38 —— Water-Supply, 42 —— Wedding Rings unknown, 22 —— Whimbrel caught at, 57 —— Why the Temperature of the Sea is lower in Summer than Winter, 24 —— Woman's Skirt fastened with a French Nail, 18 —— Women do Hard Work, 8; do Men's Work, 18; leave Church before Men, 10 —— „ Suspicion of, 26 —— Wren, 70; Eggs of, 72; How it differs from Mainland Species, 71; Nest of, 71 Sabbath, Snaring Grouse on, 158 Sale, Offering the Illustrator for, 49 Saltee Islands, Puffins at, 272 Samson Post Trap, 144 Sanitary Arrangements of Birds, 218 Sassenach, Dread of the, 38 Scaring a Cragsman, 324 Scent retained by Breeding Game Birds, 166 Scot, A very Cautious, 320 Scotland, Larks decreasing in, 284 Scottish Gamekeepers' Sorrow and Scorn, 140 Scoulton Mere, Gulls at, 272 Scriptures, Photographer's Ignorance of, 140 Sea, A Message from the, 5 Sea-birds and their Haunts, 248 —— Mortality amongst, 258 Seals on Hiasker Islands, 3 — Visits of, to St. Kilda, 48 Season for taking Wild Duck, 304 Secret of Field-work, 354 Sensations of Cliff-climbing, 56 ——— of Descending a Cliff, 341 Shag's Nest, 88 —— Photographing Young, 104

Shags, Whale rising under a Flock of, 315 Shakespeare and the Bagpipes in England, 37 Sharks at St. Kilda, 48 Shearwater, Manx, Nesting Hole of, 66 Sheep at Half-a-crown each, 41 —— Curious Breed of, 39 —— Cutting Wool of, with Knives, 41 —— Killed on Borrera, 87 —— Lowered to browse on Ledges of Cliffs, 41 —— Method of catching, 40 —— Remarkable fecundity of, 41 —— Stock of, at St. Kilda, 38 Shelduck, Finding the Nest of, 316 —— Peculiar Habit of, 264 Shipwrecked Spaniards, 5 Shooting Grouse, 164 Shopping at St. Kilda, 26 Shrike, Photographing, on her Nest, 200 Signalling, Peculiar Manner of, for Help, 84 Sitting up for Photographs, 316 Skua, Richardson's, Hunting for the Nest of, 319 Sleep, Birds that require Little, 246 Sleeping Birds, how they keep warm, 232 —— „ Perches, 232 —— Habits and haunts of Blackbirds, 234; Cuckoo, 240; Fieldfares, 247; Great Black-backed Gulls, 242; Gulls, 242; Hedgesparrows, 234; Kittiwakes, 242; Nightjar, 245; Owls, 244; Petrels, 244; Pheasants, 240, 247; Ravens, 240; Robins, 234; Starlings, 235; Swallows, 239; Terns, 242; Tits, 238; Wild Duck, 241 Smallpox, Ravages of, at St. Kilda, 34 Smell, Sense of, in Fulmar Petrel, 62 Smuggling in East Anglia, 310 Snare that saved a Man's Life, 112 Snow, Photographing Birds in the, 355 Soa, An Awkward Island to land on, 106 — Curious Breed of Sheep on, 39 — Great Number of Puffins on, 102, 113 — Prospects of a compulsory stay on, 120 — Rough Seas round, 121 Soaring of Solan Geese, 268 Solan Geese building their Nests, 88 —— „ How caught while asleep, 90, 92 —— „ Language of, 92 —— „ Martin's first Experience of, 88 —— „ Number killed at St. Kilda, 90 —— „ on Bass Rock, 265–266 —— „ on Stack Lee, 76, 93 —— „ on the Wing, 94 —— „ Return to Summer Quarters, 90 —— „ Roguery of, 88, 266 —— „ Sentinels to Warn, 92 —— „ Soaring of, 268 —— „ Tameness of, 266 —— Goose, Curious Accident to, 334 —— „ „ Finds in the Nest of, 93 Soldiers' Pillows, Fulmars' Feathers in, 119 Song of Thrush in Early Morning, 133 Sparrow-hawk and Live Birds, 285 ——— „ „ Prey, 202 Sparrow-hawk's Devotion, 202 Sparrows, House, Change of Sleeping Quarters, 238 —— „ Clutch of Eggs of, 202 —— „ Destroying each other's Eggs, 189 —— „ Eggs of, 204 —— „ Examining, in their Sleeping Quarters, 238 —— „ Make Sleeping Quarters, 236 —— „ Nests stolen by Starlings, 190 —— „ Sexes of, 241 —— „ Sleep in Old Nests and Nesting-Box, 235

368

INDEX.

Sparrows, House, steal Martins' Nests, 189 —— Tree, hawking for Flies at St. Kilda, 58 —— „ How to distinguish, 202 —— „ White Eggs of, 204 Spider's Web said to have caught Golden-crested Wren, 358 —— „ Strength of, 359 Sport with the Fishing Line, 67, 68 Stalking a Cormorant, 249 Starlings, Breeding Habits of, 184 —— How they are caught, 276, 277 —— Rear a Brood in a Rose-tree, 190 —— Singing by Night, 235 —— Stealing Sparrows' Nests, 190 —— Where they sleep, 235 Steamer on the Rocks, 130 “Stranger's Cold” at St. Kilda, 33 Strategy, A Piece of Successful, 315 Strawberry-growing in High Latitudes, 24 Suspended in Mid-Air, 112 Swallow at St. Kilda, 57 —— High Situation of Nest of, 328 Swallows, Fully-fledged, roosting in Old Nest, 240 —— Photographing, by Flashlight, 240 —— „ on a Telegraph Wire, 350 Sweets for St. Kildans, 1 —— Taste for, at St. Kilda, 35 Swimming a Lost Art at St. Kilda, 23 —— to a Rock for a Photograph of Cormorants, 348

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