Why are wetlands important?

Wetlands are important for several reasons:

1. Biodiversity: They are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, supporting 40% of the world’s plants and animals. Wetlands provide critical habitats for many endangered species, serve as 'service stations' for migratory birds, and are essential for fish and shellfish populations, with two-thirds of the fish we eat depending on wetlands at some point in their life cycle^[1][2][3][5].

2. Climate Regulation: Wetlands act as natural carbon sinks, storing vast amounts of carbon dioxide. Peatlands, in particular, store twice as much carbon as all the world’s forests. They help mitigate climate change by absorbing greenhouse gases, but degradation can convert them into significant sources of emissions^[1][2][5][6].

3. Water Quality and Flood Control: Wetlands filter pollutants and sediments, improving water quality and enhancing groundwater supplies. They act as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainwater during storms, which helps reduce flood damage and maintains water flow during dry periods^[3][4][6].

4. Protection from Natural Disasters: Coastal wetlands, such as mangroves and salt marshes, reduce erosion and protect against storm surges from hurricanes. They help shield populated areas from flooding, effectively lowering the impact of natural disasters^[1][2][6].

5. Economic and Recreational Value: Wetlands support livelihoods through activities like fishing, hunting, and tourism, with one billion people worldwide relying on them. They also offer recreational opportunities and contribute to the economy by supplying resources such as fish, timbers, and wild crops^[1][5][6].

Overall, wetlands play a vital role in ecosystems, human health, and the economy, making their protection crucial for biodiversity and climate resilience.