Irony plays a significant role in literature by creating a contrast between appearance and reality, which often reveals deeper truths or critiques. It serves to engage readers in a process of interpretation, highlighting the discrepancy between what is expected and what actually occurs. This discrepancy can lead to humor, suspense, or a more profound understanding of characters and themes [1][3].

There are three main types of irony—verbal, dramatic, and situational—each enhancing narratives in different ways. Verbal irony occurs when what is said contrasts with what is meant, while dramatic irony involves the audience knowing something that the characters do not. Situational irony highlights unexpected outcomes, underscoring the unpredictability of life [2][6].

What role does irony play in literature?

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