A dystopian novel is defined by its depiction of a society that is frightening or undesirable, often characterized by totalitarianism, environmental devastation, and the oppressive control over individuals [1][2][4][5]. These novels frequently explore themes such as government oppression, loss of individual freedom, environmental destruction, and technological control [4]. Typically set in a bleak, futuristic world, dystopian fiction serves as a critique of contemporary social, political, and environmental issues, often presented as a warning of what could happen if current trends continue unaddressed [2][5]. Examples include '1984' by George Orwell, 'Brave New World' by Aldous Huxley, and 'The Handmaid's Tale' by Margaret Atwood [1][4][5].

What defines a dystopian novel?

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