What defines a dystopian novel?

A dystopian novel is defined by its depiction of a society that is frightening or undesirable, often characterized by totalitarianism, environmental devastation, and the oppressive control over individuals[1][2][3][4]. These novels frequently explore themes such as government oppression, loss of individual freedom, environmental destruction, and technological control[3]. Typically set in a bleak, futuristic world, dystopian fiction serves as a critique of contemporary social, political, and environmental issues, often presented as a warning of what could happen if current trends continue unaddressed[2][4]. Examples include '1984' by George Orwell, 'Brave New World' by Aldous Huxley, and 'The Handmaid's Tale' by Margaret Atwood[1][3][4].

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