Octopuses camouflage effectively through a combination of rapid color and texture changes. They possess specialized cells called chromatophores that expand and contract to reveal different pigments, allowing them to change color almost instantly. Additionally, they have iridophores and leucophores that help enhance color and contrast, respectively. Octopuses can also alter their skin's texture using papillae to match their surroundings, making it harder for predators to spot them [1][2][4][5][12]. This remarkable ability is crucial for avoiding predation and sneaking up on prey [8][12].

How do octopuses camouflage effectively?

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How do octopuses change color?

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