How do brain organoids learn?

 title: 'Brain organoid necrosis and microfluidic perfusion system'

Brain organoids learn by adjusting their structure and function through exposure to stimulus patterns, with associated recordings delineating relationships between inputs and outputs[1]. A feedback loop is essential to train a learning system[1]. The recorded responses to electrical or chemical stimuli demonstrate whether and how learning may occur in the organoids[1].

Neural networks display critical dynamics when they get task-related structured sensory input and reorganize the system to a near-critical state[2]. Better task performance correlates with proximity to critical dynamics[2]. For a neuronal network to demonstrate learning, criticality alone is not enough without information about the consequences of previous actions[2].