How can brain cells on chips learn?

Brain cells on chips learn through interactions using electrical impulses that communicate information between neurons. In experiments, these cells were stimulated to play a simplified version of the arcade game Pong by receiving electrical pulses representing the ball's position. This allowed them to adjust their activity to control a virtual paddle, becoming more adept at the game over time. A feedback system encouraged the cells by rewarding successful hits and providing negative responses for misses, mimicking natural learning^[1].

The CL1 biocomputer, developed by Cortical Labs, processes information in sub-millisecond loops. It shows that live human neurons can adapt and learn from experiences, even improving function in impaired models like epilepsy when treated with specific drugs^[2].