Turning air into bread: 5 facts about Haber-Bosch

This process supports nearly half of the world population by enabling large-scale synthetic fertilizer production.

Reactors operate under intense conditions of 150 to 300 atmospheres and temperatures between 400 and 500 degrees Celsius.

Iron promoted with potassium and aluminum oxides serves as the primary catalyst for ammonia synthesis.

The process is energy intensive, consuming about 1 to 2 percent of the total global energy supply.

Researchers are now exploring green hydrogen from water electrolysis to slash carbon emissions from ammonia production.