Did deactivation increase offline activities?

The text states that 'substitution analyses imply this improvement is achieved without shifts to offline activities.' This suggests that deactivating Facebook and Instagram did not lead to an increase in offline activities for participants. Instead, the time freed by deactivation was largely substituted with use of other smartphone apps, particularly for Instagram users, who did not significantly reduce their overall app usage.

In summary, deactivation of these social media platforms did not increase offline activities, as participants continued to engage with other apps instead of spending time offline^[1].