Are brain cells energy efficient?

Biological systems, including brain cells, are energy efficient^[3][1][2]. Biological computing needs only a fraction of the energy compared to silicon-based computing and AI^[3]. The processing power of the brain is better than machines because brains deal better with uncertain data^[3].

Biological intelligence is capable of rapid learning, and biological neural systems can operate in sugar water^[1]. Biological learning uses fewer observations to solve problems^[3]. Humans operate at a 10^6-fold better power efficiency relative to modern machines^[3]. Also, current machine learning algorithms require enormous data and considerable power^[1].