two Gaussian beams were incident onto the multiplexing metasurface at angles of ± 19.5° with respect to the z-axis, as illustrated in Fig. 3(a). Upon transmission through the multiplexing metasurface, the generated OAM beams were measured at a distance of 400 mm from the metasurface. In the receiver part, another E-band frequency extender (OML, Inc., WR10) equipped with a waveguide probe was connected to the vector network analyzer. The complex electric-field (E-field) amplitude and phase distributions of the generated OAM beams were scanned over a 200 × 200 mm2 area with a spatial resolution of 1 mm along the x- and y-directions in the transverse plane. For the OAM demultiplexing measurements, the demultiplexing metasurface was inserted into the setup following the multiplexing measurement, as illustrated in Fig. 3(a). The demultiplexing metasurface was positioned 407 mm away from the multiplexing metasurface. After transmission through the demultiplexing metasurface, the deflected OAM and Gaussian beams, propagating at angles of ± 19.5° along the y-axis, were measured at a distance of 365 mm using a receiving waveguide probe connected to the E-band frequency extender. The complex electric-field amplitude and phase distributions were scanned over an area of 50 × 320 mm2 with a spatial resolution of 1 mm along the x- and y-directions in the transverse plane.(see the Figure S7) To suppress unwanted interference caused by scattering from the conical horn antennas and the receiving waveguide probe, anechoic absorbers were attached to the relevant components throughout all experimental measurements. Data availability All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information. Received: 30 November 2025; Accepted: 10 February 2026 References 1. Hanzo, L., Webb, W. & Keller, T. 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