HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 23
KEY SOCIAL INDICATORS
Key Indicators: Population Welfare
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region U R T U R T % WOMEN EVER MARRIED (AGED 15-49) Pakistan 64 68 67 64 69 67 MEAN NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN (WOMEN AGED 15-49 YEARS)
1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.1 TOTAL FERTILITY RATE Pakistan 3.0 4.1 3.6 3.0 4.2 3.7 CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE (WOMEN AGED 15-49 YEARS) Pakistan 44 34 38 41 30 34 Punjab 47 40 43 46 35 39 Sindh 40 20 31 36 22 30 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 43 35 36 42 28 31 Balochistan 28 19 22 20 11 14 POPULATION WELFARE
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 24
KEY SOCIAL INDICATORS
Key Indicators: Housing
2024-25
2018-19
Province /Region
U
R
T
U
R
T
MAIN FUEL USED FOR COOKING, LIGHTING /CLEAN FUEL
Cooking: Gas
84
22
47
86
24
47
Lighting: Electricity (Main Grid or
Solar Panels)
98
94
96
99
93
95
Clean Fuel
74
13
38
73
12
35
HOUSEHOLD WITH OWN DWELLING UNITS LIGHTING
Own
74
88
82
72
91
84
Key Indicators: Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region U R T U R T MAIN SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER (% HOUSEHOLDS) Piped Water 33 14 22 31 11 18 Hand Pump 5 33 22 6 34 24 Motor Pump 32 36 35 30 38 35 Dug Well 0 3 2 1 4 3 Filtration Plant 14 7 10 19 4 9 Other 15 6 10 14 9 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 TYPE OF TOILET (% HOUSEHOLDS) Household Flush 98 82 89 98 70 80 Non-Flush 1 6 4 1 12 8 No Toilet 1 11 7 1 18 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 TYPE OF SANITATION SYSTEM (% HOUSEHOLDS) Underground Drains 54 4 24 50 5 22 Covered Drains 7 3 5 10 2 5 Open Drains 31 42 38 32 42 37 No System 7 51 33 8 52 35 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Housing and Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 25
KEY SOCIAL INDICATORS
Key indicator: Prevalence Rates of Food Insecurity (Household)
2024-25
2018-19
Province /Quintile
Moderate or
Severe
Severe
Moderate or
Severe
Severe
Pakistan (Households)
24.35
5.04
15.92
2.37
Urban
20.58
5.12
9.22
1.24
Rural
26.72
4.99
19.96
3.05
Punjab
22.58
5.20
14.43
3.06
Sindh
29.42
6.30
19.51
1.55
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
21.54
1.38
16.73
0.90
Balochistan
30.26
8.20
15.18
2.05
FOOD INSECURITY EXPERIENCE SCALE
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 26
SDG INDICATORS
Coverage of SDG Indicators through PSLM (District) & HIES (Provincial) Surveys: United Nation Statistics Division has assigned the task of reporting & monitoring of SDGs to the National Statistical Organization globally. Therefore, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) being the Central Statistical O rganization is responsible for monitoring of SDGs. Keeping in view the changed ground realities & adoption of SDGs, technical committee has been reconstituted for the review of the questionnaire and methodology of the survey. Accordingly, in the light of recommendations of technical committee, modules on Education, Health, Employment, ICT, Housing , and Consumption of HIES Questionnaire, 2024-25, have been amended.
Out of 66 SDG indicators reported by PBS, 33 indicators are being reported through PSLM
(District) &HIES (Provincial) Surveys (List is at Annexure F).
31 SDG indicators are reported throu gh the HIES (Provincial level) while 21 SDG
indicators are reported through PSLM (District level) Survey.
Figure 1.1: Progress of the SDGs Indicators monitored through HIES2024-25
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 27
SDG INDICATORS – HIES (2024-25)
Note: SDG Indicators 1.2.1, 2.1.1 will be reported by the Ministry of Planning Development, and Special Initiatives. SDG Indicators # 9.1.1
& 11.2.1 have also been covered in 1.4.1. SDG indicator 3.2.1 can also be reported through a survey. Methodology of 10.1.1 and 10.2.1 is
under discussion.
Table 1.8: SDG INDICATORS BEING COVERED THROUGH HIES (2024-25)
Indicator(s) Definition(s) Results
1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services. Figure 1.2
1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized
documentation, and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure
Male= 92%
Female= 2%
Jointly = 5 %
2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity
Experience Scale (FIES)
Moderate = 24% Severe = 5% 3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel.
84 % 3.2.2 Neonatal mortality rate
35% 3.b.1 Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme
73% 3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 Population. 2.79/100,000 3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 Population. 43.19/1000 3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 Population. 462.83/100,000 3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate (aged 15-19) per 1,000 women in that age group.
48%
3.8.2 Number of people covered by health insurance or a public health system per 1,000 population Will be updated
4.4.1 Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills,
by type of skills.
Figure 1.3 4.5.1 Parity indices for all education indicators
Figure 1.4 4.6.1 Percentage of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex.
(a) 63% (b) 79% 5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15 -49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, Contraceptive use, and reproductive health care.
56%
5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex 50 %
6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services. 6.1.1(a) percentage of
households with improved source of drinking water & 6.1.1(b) Improved Drinking Water
source within the premises
6.1.1(a): 97% 6.1.1(b): 79% 6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, (a) Improved Facility not Shared, (b) Specific Place of hand-washing facility with soap and water. 6.2.1(a) = 74% 6.2.1(b)=64% 7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity (Main grid or Solar panels) 96% 7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology Disaggregation by cooking, lighting, and heating.
38% 8.10.2 Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (Proposed)
12% 17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the Internet. 57%
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 28
SDG INDICATORS – HIES (2024-25)
Figure 1.2: SDG 1.4.1: Proportion of population living in households with access to basic
services.
Note: Mobility access is measured differently for rural and urban areas. In rural areas, a household is considered to have access i f
it is located within 2 km of an all-season road. In urban areas, access is defined by the walking distance to public transport, where
households within 500 meters or 1 km of the nearest public transport stop are considered to have convenient access.
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-01-04-01.pdf
Figure 1.3: SDG 4.4.1: Proportion of youth and adults with Information & Communication
Technology (ICT) skills, by type of skills
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Access to Basic
Drinking Water
Services
Access to Basic
Sanitation Services
(not shared with
other H.Holds)
Access to Basic
Hygiene Services
Access to Clean
Fuel &
Technology
Access to Mobility
Rural Context (All
season near road)
Access to Mobility
Urban Context
(Public
Transport))
Acess to Basic
Education
Access to basic
Information
Services
97
74
64
38
83
76
29
36
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 29
SDG INDICATORS – HIES (2024-25)
Figure 1.4: SDG 4.5.1 Parity indices for all education indicators
74% 86% 96% 91% Literacy Youth Literacy Primary Secondary Gender Parity Index 2024-25
EDUCATION
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 30
Education
2 EDUCATION 2.1 Introduction Education remains a fundamental pillar for sustainable economic and social development. It serves as a catalyst for poverty reduction, human capital formation and ultimately for the advancement of societies. Globally, education systems are ca tegorized into formal, non -formal, and informal structures, each playing a vital role in shaping individual capabilities and societal outcomes. In developed nations, equitable access to quality education has enabled learners to embrace critical and concept ual thinking, supported by robust learning resources and modern infrastructure. However, in developing countries such as Pakistan, the education sector continues to face long - standing challenges including inadequate infrastructure, shortage of qualified te aching staff, limited access to quality learning materials, and constrained public financing. These issues contribute to stagnation in key education indicators. In response to Pakistan’s ongoing literacy crisis and the large number of out -of-school children, the government declared a National Education Emergency in May 2024. As part of this, the Prime Minister launched the Roshan Pakistan National Literacy Drive, introducing the Each One Teach One (EOTO) initiative to eradicate illiteracy and promote inclusive education. Spearheaded by the Ministry of Federal Education & Professional Training and implemented by the National Commission for Human Development (NCHD), the initiative mobilizes students from Grade 9 to Ph.D. levels as literacy volunteers, e ach tasked with educating one illiterate person using a standardized 12-week Urdu and Math curriculum. Participating students receive incentives such as additional academic marks, while newly literate individuals are supported with free access to essential documents. This national effort supports SDG 4.6.1 and aims to bridge urban -rural, provincial, and gender disparities in literacy through grassroots engagement and institutional collaboration. (National Commission for Human Development). Furthermore, in a lignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG -4), both federal and provincial governments have prioritized inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 31
Education
learning opportunities. Strategic interventions have been introduced in areas such as e arly
childhood education, technical and vocational training, and adult literacy.
Uraan Pakistan, the government’s five -year transformation plan, places strong emphasis on
improving educational access and quality, aligning closely with the objectives of th e Household
Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2024–25 education indicators. The initiative commits to
achieving 100% primary school enrollment, expanding teacher training through a dedicated
national institute, and enhancing governance by digitizing school infrastructure using GIS
mapping, centralized dashboards, and e-transfer systems. It also supports future-oriented learning
through projects such as the Daanish University of Applied and Emerging Sciences and youth
engagement programs like the Uraan Overseas Summer Internship. These reforms collectively aim
to reduce the number of out -of-school children, raise learning outcomes, and create an equitable
education ecosystem in Pakistan.
In terms of public financing, the Pakistan Economic Survey 2024 –25 reports that education
expenditure by federal and provincial governments stood at 0.8 percent of GDP during FY 2024–
25 (July–March). While this figure reflects the fiscal space available during the period, it also
highlights the government’s continued commitmen t to prioritizing key initiatives such as the
National Education Emergency, literacy drives, digital learning reforms, and provincial
development programs within existing resources. The share of GDP provides important context
for interpreting the education indicators presented in HIES 2024 –25, helping policymakers align
future planning, budgeting, and program implementation with ongoing national reform efforts.
Since the devolution of education under the 18th Constitutional Amendment, provinces have been
empowered to develop localized curricula, policies, and standards tailored to regional needs, while
the federal government is responsible for oversight of education planning and policy beyond Grade
12 under the Federal Legislative List. Consequently, several provinces have introduced reforms in
teacher training, curriculum development, and school infrastructure.
"Article 25A of the Constitution of Pakistan makes education a justiciable right, obligating the
state to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged five to sixteen years."
The Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) series continue to serve as critical tools for
tracking progress in the education sector. Current round of HIES2024 -25 survey provides
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 32
Education disaggregated data by province, urban/rural breakdown and by male/female, enabling policy - makers to monitor indicators relevant to school attendance, out-of-school children, literacy (youth and adult), Enrolments (Gross and Net) across Primary, Middle, and Matric levels, and early school leavers. This chapter will provide latest provincial data in respect of the education indicators for researchers and policy maker for assessing the impact of recent policy initiatives such as Roshan Pakistan and digital learning efforts on educational ac cess and quality during the period 2024 –25 along with comparison with previous HIES 2018-19. School Attendance Nationally, the percentage of the population aged 10 years and older who have ever attended school rose from 61% in 2018 -19 to 67% in 2024 -25, indicating an overall improvement in access to education. When disaggregated by gender, male attendance increased from 73% to 77% , while female at tendance improved from 50% to 57% , highlighting a slightly faster growth among females, though still significant gender gap persists.( Table 1(a))
In regional comparison, urban areas show higher education participation compared to rural regions. In urban Pakistan, school attendance increased marginally from 75% to 77%. Both males (81% to 83%) and females (68% to 71%) saw slight improvements. In contrast, rural areas witnessed larger increase , from 53% in 2018-19 to 59% in 2024 -25, with male attendance rising from 67% to 72%, and female attendance improving from 40% to 47%. This data provide evidence for government’s efforts for reducing the urban-rural gap, particularly for rural females. (Figure 2.1)
77 59 77 57 67 75 53 73 50 61 Urban Rural Male Femle Total 2024-25 2018-19 “HIES 2024–25 reports that 67% of individuals aged 10 years and above in Pakistan have ever attended school” Figure 2.1: Ever Attended by Region and Gender
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 33
Education Among provinces, Punjab has the highest percentage of population in respect of ever attending school, rising from 67% in 2018-19 to 72% in 2024 -25 with improvement in both male (76% to 80%) and female (59% to 65%) attendance. Sindh shows a more modest increase, from 57% to 60%, with male attendance almost stable (69% to 70%) and female attendance increasing slightly from 45% to 49 %. (Figure 2.2)
Figure 2.2: Ever Attended by Province
Figure 2.3: Ever Attended by Province and gender (PSLM 2024-25) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s population of ever attending school, has shown rise from 56% to 63%, with a sharp increa se among females (38% to 47%), though still significantly lower than males (76% to 81%). Balochistan remains the most challenged, though there was notable improvement 67 72 60 63 51 61 67 57 56 39 Pakistan Punjab Sindh KP Balochistan 2024-25 2018-19