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NOTE: Totals may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Table 11: Percentage of Households by Material Used for Roof- by Province and Region
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Pakistan
RCC/RBC 62 22 38 60 17 33 Wood/Bamboo 5 26 18 7 33 23 Sheet/Iron/Cement 6 7 6 3 3 3 T-R/Griders 27 45 38 30 47 40 Other 0 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Punjab
RCC/RBC 67 22 41 64 17 35 Wood/Bamboo 3 11 8 6 17 13 Sheet/Iron/Cement 3 7 5 2 1 1 T-R/ Griders 27 59 46 28 62 50 Other 0 1 0 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sindh
RCC/RBC 56 4 33 57 3 32 Wood/ Bamboo 5 53 27 5 61 31 Sheet/Iron/Cement 11 2 7 5 2 3 T-R/ Griders 27 40 33 33 34 33 Other 1 1 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
RCC/RBC 72 41 45 64 31 36 Wood/Bamboo 12 29 27 16 41 37 Sheet/Iron/Cement 4 11 10 3 11 10 T-R/ Griders 12 18 17 16 17 17 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Balochistan
RCC/RBC 20 3 9 20 5 9 Wood/ Bamboo 25 67 54 31 76 63 Sheet/Iron/Cement 9 1 3 3 2 2 T-R/ Griders 46 27 33 46 17 25 Other 0 1 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
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NOTE: Totals may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Table 12: Percentage of Households by Material Used for Walls- by Province and Region
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Pakistan
Burnt/Bricks/Block 97 78 86 95 73 82 Mud Bricks/Mud 2 15 10 4 21 14 Wood/Bamboo 0 2 2 0 1 1 Other 0 4 3 1 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Punjab
Burnt/Bricks/Block 99 90 94 98 91 93 Mud Bricks/Mud 1 9 6 1 9 6 Wood/Bamboo 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 1 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sindh
Burnt/Bricks/Block 97 60 80 96 47 73 Mud Bricks/Mud 2 29 14 3 47 24 Wood/Bamboo 1 10 5 1 6 3 Other 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Burnt/Bricks/Block 94 75 78 89 58 63 Mud Bricks/Mud 4 7 7 8 23 20 Wood/Bamboo 0 1 1 0 0 0 Other 2 17 15 4 19 17 Total 100 100 100
Balochistan
Burnt/Bricks/Block 78 40 52 66 20 33 Mud Bricks/Mud 21 52 42 33 69 59 Wood/Bamboo 1 4 3 0 1 1 Other 0 4 3 1 9 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
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NOTES: 1. Category Other Includes: Kerosene Oil, Candle, Firewood and Others. 2. *The category “Electricity & Solar (Hybrid)” was introduced in HIES 2024–25 to capture households using both grid electricity and solar energy (Main grid or Solar panels). The increase in this category reflects a noticeable shift from exclusive electricity use toward hybrid and solar-based lighting solutions. 3. Totals may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Table 13: Percentage of Households by Fuel Used for Lighting- by Province and Region
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region Urban Rural Total Urba n Rural Total Pakistan
Electricity* 87 71 78 98 87 91 Electricity & Solar 9 12 11 = 96
= 95 Solar Panel 2 11 7 1 6 4 Gas 0 0 0 .2 .1 .1 Other 1 6 4 1 7 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Punjab
Electricity 97 94 95 99 93 95 Electricity & Solar 2 2 2
Solar Panel 0 2 1 .3 3 2 Gas 0 0 0 .3 .1 .2 Other 0 2 1 .4 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sindh
Electricity 74 28 53 98 73 86 Electricity & Solar 18 19 19
Solar Panel 4 32 16 1 7 4 Gas 0 0 0 .0 .0 .0 Other 4 22 12 2 20 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Electricity 72 56 58 96 85 87 Electricity & Solar 25 29 28
Solar Panel 2 11 10 3 13 11 Gas 0 0 0 .1 .3 .3 Other 0 4 3 .4 2 1 Total 100 100 100
Balochistan
Electricity 80 47 57 95 67 75 Electricity & Solar 10 15 14
Solar Panel 7 33 25 3 22 16 Gas 0 0 0 .1 .1 .1 Other 2 6 5 2 11 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
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NOTES:
1. Category -Other Includes: Firewood, Kerosene Oil and Others. 2. Totals may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Table 14: Percentage of Households by Fuel Used for Cooking- by Province and Region
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Pakistan
Gas 84 22 47 86 24 47 Wood/Sticks 13 58 40 12 66 45 Other 3 20 13 1 11 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Punjab
Gas 84 24 49 87 27 50 Wood/Sticks 13 48 33 11 58 40 Others 3 28 17 2 14 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sindh
Gas 88 15 55 87 17 55 Wood/Sticks 10 67 35 11 74 40 Other 2 19 10 1 9 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Gas 82 24 33 75 18 28 Wood/Sticks 17 73 65 24 81 72 Other 1 3 2 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Balochistan
Gas 64 20 33 70 24 37 Wood/Sticks 33 68 57 29 68 57 Other 4 12 10 1 8 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
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NOTES:
- Clean Fuel has been calculated as per SDG 7.1.2 definition, including clean fuel that is not hazardous for health used for Cooking, Heating and Lighting.
Table 15: Percentage of Households with Clean Fuel Used for Cooking, Lighting, and Heating - by Province and Region
2024-25 2018-19 Province /Region Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Pakistan
Clean Fuel 74 13 38 74 12 35 Punjab
Clean Fuel 73 15 40 75 13 36 Sindh
Clean Fuel 83 11 51 80 15 50 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Clean Fuel 49 12 18 39 6 11 Balochistan
Clean Fuel 51 13 24 47 15 24
FIES
Food Insecurity Experience Scale
FIES
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7 Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) 2024–25
Aligned with Pakistan Vision 2025 and the Uraan Pakistan initiative, the focus remains on
strengthening social protection,
enhancing livelihoods, and
promoting inclusive, data -driven
food security for all citizens. The
FIES also contributes directly to
monitoring Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG)
Indicator 2.1 .2 Prevalence of
Moderate or Severe Food
Insecurity in the Population
thereby supporting Pakistan’s commitment to achieving Zero Hunger (SDG 2) under the global
2030 Agenda.
Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) findings from HIES ( 2024–25) highlight
significant progress yet persistent challenges in ensuring equitable food access across Pakistan.
Nationally, around one-fourth of households experience moderate or severe food insecurity, with
marked disparities across provinces and income groups. Food Inse curity remains highest in
Balochistan and Sindh, while the lowest income quintile faces nearly five times greater risk than
the highest. These results underscore the critical need for targeted interventions to address regional
and economic inequalities.
Pakistan to monitor progress toward achieving Zero Hunger (SDG 2) Food Insecurity
Experience Scale (FIES), developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), has been
integrated into Pakistan’s National data system through PSLM (Provincial and District) survey
series since (2018-19) & (2019 -20) respectively, and t hrough COVID-19 impact surveys . Its
continued inclusion in PSLM HIES 2024–25 underscores Pakistan’s commitment to evidence -
based policymaking, social resilience, and the National development vision set forth in Vision
2025 and Uraan Pakistan both emphasizing “Putting People First” through food security,
inclusivity, and well-being.
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Historical Context Evolution of FIES in Pakistan’s Statistical System Year Survey Key Development 2018–19 HIES(Provincial) First introduction of FIES for SDG 2.1.2 monitoring 2019–20 PSLM District It was also made part of the district-level survey for regular monitoring up to the district level. 2020–21 COVID-19 Surveys Track helped to pandemic-induced food insecurity 2024–25 HIES(Provincial) Updated post-pandemic measurement focusing on resilience and affordability This consistent data series enables policymakers to evaluate long-term progress toward national and global food-security goals.
Summary of National Findings Findings from HIES 2024-25 indicate a significant increase in household food insecurity compared with 2018-19. At the national level, moderate or severe food insecurity increased from 15.92% in 2018–19 to 24.35% in 2024– 25, while severe food insecurity increased from 2.37% to 5.04%(Tabe-1). Urban areas show a similar rise, where moderate or severe food insecurity increased from 9.22% to 20.58% and severe insecurity increased from 1.24% to 5.12%. Rural households also experienced an increase, with moderate or severe food insecurity rising from 19.96% to 26.72% and severe cases increasing from 3.05% to 4.99%. However, sever food seems less in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Analyzing provinces Balochistan has high moderate or severe food insecurity, with 30.26% households, followed by Sindh with 29.42%. it is pertinent to mention
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that lowest percentage of household in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa reports sever food insecurity with 1.38%. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as also lowest percentage of household experienced moderate or severe food insecurity with 21.54% (Table 2).
Table 7.1: Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity by Province (% of Households)
2018-19 2024-25 Category Moderate or Severe (%) Severe (%) Moderate or Severe (%) Severe (%) Households 15.92 2.37 24.35 5.04 Individuals 15.98 2.40 23.78 4.75 Table 7.2: Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity by Province (% of Households) Category 2018-19 2024-25
Moderate or Severe (%) Severe (%) Moderate or Severe (%) Severe (%) Urban 9.22 1.24 20.58 5.12 Rural 19.96 3.05 26.72 4.99 Punjab 14.43 3.06 22.58 5.20 Sindh 19.51 1.55 29.42 6.30 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 16.73 0.90 21.54 1.38 Balochistan 15.18 2.05 30.26 8.20
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While comparing food insecurity over the years, it is evident that socks like COVID-19, Flood- 2022, and high inflation ha s impacted households. Perceptions and situations regarding Food Insecurity rising sharply to 40% in 2020 and then again rising from 16.4% to 24.3% in 2024-25.
Food Insecurity Across Income Quintiles In 2024–25, the lowest quintile experienced the highest level of moderate or severe food insecurity at the household level with 45.97%. The 5th quintile experienced 8.95% food insecurity, the lowest among all quintiles. However, the percentage of households experiencing food insecurity in all quintiles increased significantly compared to 2018–19. Figure 7.2: Prevalence rates of food insecurity by Quintile (% Households) 45.97 31.88 25.11 18.47 8.95 39.57 21.42 16.07 9.74 3.74 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity 2024-25 2018-19 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 Punjab Sindh KP Balochistan Pakistan 22.6 29.4 21.5 30.3 24.3 40.0 14.4 19.5 16.7 23.4 16.4 15.7 17.5 14.4 15.2 15.9 HIES 2024-15 Covid 2020 PSLM 2019-20 HIES 2018-19
Figure 7.1: Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity
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Figure 7.3: Severe Food Insecurity
Notes: MoE = Margin of Error Figures are based on FAO’s Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) module applied in PSLM HIES(PROVINCIAL)2024-25 2024– 25. Estimates reflect national-level prevalence of food insecurity among househ
10.02 6.41 5.21 3.97 1.56 8.5 2.59 1.65 1.05 0.31 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 2024-25 2018-19 Severe Food Insecurity