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Table 7: Reasons for Not Using Family Planning
2024-25 2018-19 Provinces and Reasons Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Pakistan
Wanted children 43 30 36 32 29 30 Spouse prefers not 8 8 8 5 3 4 Religious reasons 5 7 6 3 6 5 Fear of bad side effects 4 3 3 2 2 2 Pregnant 8 12 11 15 16 16 Lactating 9 10 9 16 17 17 Menopausal 5 4 4 7 4 5 Infertility 2 1 2 2 2 2 Hysterectomy 1 1 1 1 1 1 Others 14 23 20 18 20 19 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Punjab
Wanted children 43 31 36 32 29 30 Spouse prefers not 8 8 8 1 2 2 Religious reasons 6 5 6 4 6 5 Fear of bad side effects 4 3 3 2 2 2 Pregnant 7 12 10 16 16 16 Lactating 8 8 8 13 17 16 Menopausal 7 6 6 7 5 5 Infertility 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hysterectomy 1 1 1 1 1 1 Others 17 25 21 23 21 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sindh
Wanted children 46 36 42 32 33 33 Spouse prefers not 9 11 10 10 6 8 Religious reasons 3 3 3 2 4 3 Fear of bad side effects 4 4 4 3 5 4 Pregnant 8 14 10 12 16 14 Lactating 9 10 10 19 21 20 Menopausal 5 4 5 8 3 5 Infertility 3 2 3 2 1 2
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Notes:
1.
Category: “Others” includes “Can’t get pregnant not menstruated since last birth”, "Self opposed”, “Relative
opposed”, “Husband Away”, “Knows no source”, “Preferred method not available”, “No method available” ,“irregular
supply”, “Not effective”, "Interferes with body’s normal processes”, "Hysterectomy”, "Infertility”, “Others” and “Don’t
know
Hysterectomy 1 2 1 1 1 1 Others 11 14 12 11 10 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Wanted children
36
30
31
29
23
24
Spouse prefers not
7
7
7
1
2
2
Religious reasons
5
7
7
3
6
6
Fear of bad side effects
2
3
3
2
2
2
Pregnant
11
11
11
18
17
17
Lactating
12
11
11
16
16
16
Menopausal
2
1
1
4
4
4
Infertility
3
2
2
2
2
2
Hysterectomy
1
0
0
2
1
1
Others
20
29
28
24
27
27
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
Balochistan
Wanted children
37
20
25
37
35
36
Spouse prefers not
7
5
6
10
8
8
Religious reasons
10
25
20
14
15
15
Fear of bad side effects
8
3
4
1
0
0
Pregnant
17
18
18
13
13
13
Lactating
9
15
13
12
13
13
Menopausal
0
3
2
2
2
2
Infertility
3
1
2
3
4
4
Hysterectomy
0
0
0
1
1
1
Others
9
10
9
7
8
8
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 225
POPULATION WELFARE
Notes: 1. Women knowing about the specified family planning method expressed as a percentage of all currently married women aged 15-49 years that know about any method of family planning. 2. Know about family planning method: Respondents could report up to 10 methods of family planning that they knew about.
Table 8: Commonly Known Method of Family Planning
2024-25 Region & Family Planning Method Pakistan Punjab Sindh KP Balochistan
Total
Pill 91 90 94 94 78 Injection 86 86 86 96 54 Tubal ligation 80 87 85 64 37 IUD 78 81 79 76 50 Condom 90 92 88 93 77 Implant 62 63 73 53 24 Male Sterilization 56 65 53 43 16 Rhythm 49 57 42 41 30 Withdrawal 70 75 61 74 47 Others 29 34 29 18 8 Urban
Pill 93 91 96 97 89 Injection 89 88 92 97 67 Tubal ligation 86 89 90 70 48 IUD 79 77 82 87 64 Condom 95 95 96 96 80 Implant 66 64 75 62 34 Male Sterilization 62 69 58 46 20 Rhythm 54 59 48 49 32 Withdrawal 75 78 72 82 51 Others 32 36 29 22 8 Rural
Pill 90 89 92 94 72 Injection 84 85 80 95 48 Tubal ligation 76 86 80 63 32 IUD 78 84 75 74 43 Condom 88 90 79 93 76 Implant 59 62 71 51 20 Male Sterilization 52 62 48 43 15 Rhythm 46 56 36 39 30 Withdrawal 66 73 47 73 46 Other 27 33 30 18 9
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 226
POPULATION WELFARE
Note: Category: “Others” includes “Implant”, "Male sterilisation and “others”. Table 9: Type of Family Planning Method Currently Being Used – By Region 2024-25 Provinces and Family Planning Methods Urban Rural Total Pakistan
Pill 5 6 6 Injection 6 8 7 Tubal ligation 20 23 22 IUD 4 5 5 Condom 44 30 36 Withdrawal 15 20 17 Rhythm 5 6 5 Others 2 3 2 Total 100 100 100 Punjab
Pill 3 4 4 Injection 4 4 4 Tubal ligation 23 28 26 IUD 4 7 5 Condom 42 30 35 Withdrawal 17 17 17 Rhythm 6 8 8 Others 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 Sindh
Pill 6 11 8 Injection 10 18 12 Tubal ligation 18 38 24 IUD 3 4 3 Condom 49 16 39 Withdrawal 9 5 7 Rhythm 2 2 2 Others 3 6 4 Total 100 100 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Pill 8 10 9 Injection 10 14 13 Tubal ligation 8 6 6 IUD 2 2 2 Condom 38 37 37 Withdrawal 33 30 31 Rhythm 0 0 0 Others 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 Balochistan
Pill 19 12 15 Injection 10 8 9 Tubal ligation 8 5 6 IUD 19 11 14 Condom 36 30 33 Withdrawal 6 28 19 Rhythm 0 5 3 Others 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 227
POPULATION WELFARE
Notes: 1. Women obtaining method from place / person indicated expressed as a percentage of all currently married women aged 15- 49 years that are currently practicing family planning. 2. “Government Health Facility” includes “Govt. Hospital /Dispensary/Practitioner” and “BHU/RHC”.
Notes:
Part 1: Women satisfied with the family planning method used expressed as a percentage of all currently married women aged 15-49 years that are currently practicing family planning. 2. Part 2: Women unsatisfied with the family planning methods for the reason indicated expressed as a percentage of all women finding family planning methods unsatisfactory. Table 10: Source of Family Planning Method
Percentage of Currently Married Women 15-49 Years Currently Practicing Family Planning
2024-25 2018-19 Source Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Spouse/relative/friend 42 52 47 33 19 25 Govt. F. Planning Clinic 19 16 17 16 18 17 Govt. Health facility 18 15 16 15 21 19 Village F. Planning Worker 0 0 0 5 11 8 NGO family planning clinic 1 2 1 1 2 1 Private hospital/practitioner 20 13 16 20 19 19 Dai/Homeopath/Hakeem 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shop or Chemist 1 2 1 10 9 10 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 11: Attitudes towards Family Planning Methods – By Province and Reason Percentage Of Cases 1.Women Finding Methods Satisfactory
2024-25 Provinces and Region Urban Rural Total Pakistan 98 97 97 Punjab 98 97 97 Sindh 98 96 97 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 97 97 97 Balochistan 96 97 97 2. Reason for Dissatisfaction Reasons 2024-25 Costs Too Much 15 11 12 Irregular Supply 5 14 10 Adverse Side Effect 38 42 40 Not Effective 11 17 15 Husband Does Not Like 20 10 14 Other 11 7 9 Total 100 100 100
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 228
POPULATION WELFARE
Table 12: Proportion of Women Aged 15-49 Years Who Make Their Own Informed Decisions Regarding Contraceptive Use and Reproductive Health Care.
2024-25 Age Category Urban Rural Total Pakistan 61 52 56 15-19 Years 44 41 42 20-24 Years 53 44 47 25-29 Years 59 49 53 30-34 Years 63 54 58 35-39 Years 65 57 61 40-44 Years 67 58 62 45-49 Years 60 52 55
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 229
POPULATION WELFARE
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
Region/ Province ESTIMATE STANDARD ERROR 95% INTERVAL MIN. MAX. Pakistan 38 0.40 36.79 38.37 Punjab 43 0.57 41.67 43.92 Sindh 31 0.77 29.13 32.16 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 36 1.01 34.27 38.23 Balochistan 22 1.55 18.74 24.82
Urban Areas 44 0.71 42.34 45.12 Punjab 47 0.99 45.41 49.27 Sindh 40 1.28 37.34 42.37 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 43 1.32 40.83 45.99 Balochistan 28 2.71 22.68 33.33
Rural Areas 34 0.48 32.71 34.61 Punjab 40 0.69 38.30 41.03 Sindh 20 0.76 18.52 21.51 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 35 1.15 32.78 37.30 Balochistan 19 1.96 15.07 22.75
199
HOUSING AND WATER SUPPLY,
SANITATION & HYGIENE (WASH)
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 230
HOUSING & WASH
6 HOUSING and WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION & HYGIENE (WASH)
Introduction
Access to safe and reliable drinking water is fundamental to public health and well-being. The
Government of Pakistan has introduced the National Water Conservation Strategy (NWCS)
2023-20272, building on the National W ater Policy (NWP) 20183. The Pakistan Council of
Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) plays a key role in implementing these policies through
research, technical input, and evidence -based recommendations for sustainable water
management.
The NWCS focuses on efficient water use and reducing waste to address the challenges of
population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Together with the NWP, it underscores the
importance of safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene, while highlighting the health ri sks
associated with poor WASH systems. The URAAN4 The Pakistan (2024 -29) Program
complements these national efforts by prioritizing water and sanitation under its sustainability and
resilience components, promoting equitable access to and responsible use of water.
At the global level, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in
2015, provide a development framework that reflects local realities. Goal 6 emphasizes Water,
Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH), where Indicator 6.1.1 tracks the population’s access to safely
managed drinking water, and Indicator 6.2.1 focuses on access to safely managed sanitation
services. Goal 7 addresses access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy, with
2 National Water Conservation Strategy (NWCS) 2023–2027 3 National Water Policy (NWP) 2018 4 URAANpakistan.pk
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) 231
HOUSING & WASH
Indicator 7.1.1 measuring electricity access and Indicator 7.1.2 tracking the population relying
primarily on clean fuels and technologies. Progress on these indicators is reported in this chapter5.
To ensure effective monitoring and reporting of SDG-related progress, the WASH module in the
HIES (2024-25) questionnaire has been amended in light of recommendations of experts in the
technical committee reconstituted in 2023 to review the methodology and questionnaire of the
HIES survey series . For the HIES 2024 -25 survey, some amendments have been made in the
categories, i.e., internet access, hygiene practices, and garbage collection, and the time spent on a
round trip to fetch drinking water is now recorded in minutes rather than kilometers, for improving
the accuracy and comprehensiveness of data collection for relevant indicators. The brief
description of relevant SDG indicators is presented below in Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1 SDG Indicators
Main Source of Drinking Water
In the HIES survey 2024-25, information has been collected
regarding the main source of drinking water from households. Primary sources were categorized as tap water, motorized pump,
5 www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services.
6.2.1(a) Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services 6.2.1(b) Proportion of population including hand wash facility with soap and water.
6 CLEAN WATER & SANITATION 7 AFFORDABLE & CLEAN ENERGY
7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity.
7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology. .