National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 14 Table 6. Department of Defense, total obligational authority for research, development, test, and evaluation, by DOD budget activity: FYs 2024–26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Funding category and agency Budget activity 2024 actual ($millions) 2025 preliminarya ($millions) 2026 proposed ($millions) 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) Department of the Navy 6,604 6,616 7,093 0.2 7.2 Software and Digital Technology Pilot Programs 8 872 295 829 -66.2 181.6 Defense agencies 623 50 513 -92.1 936.3 Department of the Air Force 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Space Force 122 146 201 19.1 38.0 Department of the Army 104 75 89 -28.4 19.7 Department of the Navy 22 25 26 11.2 4.2 DOD = Department of Defense; RDT&E = research, development, test, and evaluation. a The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. It does not include any funding received through reconciliation. b Totals for development spending across all years do not include DOD Budget Activity 7 (BA 7) (Operational System Development) and Budget Activity 8 (BA 8) (Software and Digital Technology Pilot Programs), due to implementation of the narrowed definition of development described by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in its Circular A-11 of July 2016. BA 7 funds support development efforts to upgrade systems that have been fielded or have received approval for full-rate production and anticipate production funding in the current or subsequent fiscal year. BA 8 funds the acquisition of services, business process re- engineering activities, functional requirements development, technical evaluations, and other activities in direct support of acquiring, developing, deploying, sustaining, enhancing, and modernizing Software and Digital Technology Pilot Programs, and BA 8 funds the purchase of commercial off the shelf software, tools, and services. c RDT&E budget activity codes are broad categories reflecting different types of RDT&E efforts, as specified in the DOD Financial Management Regulation. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data. Source(s): Agencies' submissions to OMB per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 15 Table 7. Federal budget authority for International affairs (150) R&D and R&D plant: FYs 2024–26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Budget function and agency 2024 actual ($millions) 2025 preliminarya ($millions) 2026 proposed ($millions) 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) R&D and R&D plant 252 220 252 -12.7 14.5 International development and humanitarian assistance (151) 245 213 245 -13.1 15.0 Agency for International Development 153 153 153 0.0 0.0 Department of State 92 60 92 -34.8 53.3 International security assistance (152) 7 7 7 0.0 0.0 Economic Support Fund 7 7 7 0.0 0.0 R&D 198 134 198 -32.3 47.8 International development and humanitarian assistance (151) 191 127 191 -33.5 50.4 Agency for International Development 99 67 99 -32.3 47.8 Department of State 92 60 92 -34.8 53.3 International security assistance (152) 7 7 7 0.0 0.0 Economic Support Fund 7 7 7 0.0 0.0 a The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. It does not include cuts from the Rescissions Act of 2025. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data. Source(s): Agencies' submissions to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 16 Table 8. Federal budget authority for General science and basic research (251) R&D and R&D plant: FYs 2024–26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Budget function and agency 2024 actual ($millions) 2025 preliminarya ($millions) 2026 proposed ($millions) 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) R&D and R&D plant 15,659 14,626 10,147 -6.6 -30.6 Department of Energy 8,203 7,682 6,891 -6.4 -10.3 Office of Science 8,203 7,682 6,891 -6.4 -10.3 National Science Foundation 7,456 6,944 3,256 -6.9 -53.1 Arctic Research Commission 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Biological Sciences 792 726 224 -8.3 -69.1 CHIPS for America Workforce and Education R&D 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Computer and Information Science and Engineering 910 852 345 -6.4 -59.5 STEM Educationb 538 522 129 -3.0 -75.3 Engineering 720 674 184 -6.4 -72.7 Geosciences 946 932 375 -1.5 -59.8 Integrative Activities 453 453 177 0.0 -60.9 International Science and Engineering 47 53 13 12.8 -75.5 Major Research Equipment and Facilities and Construction 253 23 251 -90.9 991.3 Mathematical and Physical Sciences 1,507 1,414 513 -6.2 -63.7 Polar Programs 380 525 605 38.2 15.2 Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences 208 205 94 -1.4 -54.1 Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships 703 564 348 -19.8 -38.3 R&D 13,662 13,259 8,599 -2.9 -35.1 Department of Energy 6,713 6,582 5,704 -1.9 -13.3 Office of Science 6,713 6,582 5,704 -1.9 -13.3 National Science Foundation 6,949 6,677 2,895 -3.9 -56.6 Arctic Research Commission 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Biological Sciences 713 698 215 -2.1 -69.2 CHIPS for America Workforce and Education R&D 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Computer and Information Science and Engineering 897 819 331 -8.7 -59.6 STEM Educationb 538 522 129 -3.0 -75.3 Engineering 710 648 177 -8.7 -72.7 Geosciences 928 897 360 -3.3 -59.9 Integrative Activities 380 436 170 14.7 -61.0 International Science and Engineering 47 51 12 8.5 -76.5 Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Mathematical and Physical Sciences 1,455 1,360 493 -6.5 -63.8 Polar Programs 371 505 582 36.1 15.2 Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences 208 197 90 -5.3 -54.3 Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships 703 543 335 -22.8 -38.3
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 17 a The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. b Education and Human Resource (EHR) was renamed to STEM Education in the 2023 Presidential Budget Request. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data. Source(s): Agencies' submissions to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, and supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026. .
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 18 Table 9. Federal budget authority for Space flight, research, and supporting activities (252) R&D and R&D plant: FYs 2024–26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Budget function and agency 2024 actual ($millions) 2025 preliminarya ($millions) 2026 proposed ($millions) 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) R&D and R&D plant 10,215 10,647 6,822 4.2 -35.9 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 10,215 10,647 6,822 4.2 -35.9 Safety, security, and mission services 0 192 84
-56.3 Deep space exploration systemsb 1,676 1,967 2,273 17.3 15.6 Science 7,024 7,004 3,809 -0.3 -45.6 LEO (low earth orbit) and space flight operationsc 399 355 65 -11.0 -81.7 Space technologyd 1,050 1,077 539 2.6 -50.0 Construction, environmental compliance, and restoration 66 52 52 -21.2 0.0 R&D 10,149 10,595 6,770 4.4 -36.1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 10,149 10,595 6,770 4.4 -36.1 Safety, security, and mission services 0 192 84
-56.3 Deep space exploration systemsb 1,676 1,967 2,273 17.3 15.6 Science 7,024 7,004 3,809 -0.3 -45.6 LEO (low earth orbit) and space flight operationsc 399 355 65 -11.0 -81.7 Space technologyd 1,050 1,077 539 2.6 -50.0 Construction, environmental compliance, and restoration 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 a The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. b Deep space exploration systems is referred to as Exploration in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Reporting. c LEO (low earth orbit) and space flight operations was renamed to Space operations in the 2022 Presidential Budget Request. The prior name is referenced in this table for historical continuity. d Exploration technology was renamed to Space technology in the 2022 Presidential Budget Request. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data. Source(s): Agencies' submissions to OMB per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 19 Table 10. Federal budget authority for Energy (270) R&D and R&D plant: FYs 2024–26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Budget function and agency 2024 actual ($millions) 2025 preliminarya ($millions) 2026 proposed ($millions) 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) R&D and R&D plant 6,140 6,004 1,964 -2.2 -67.3 Energy supply (271) 6,044 5,940 1,898 -1.7 -68.0 Department of Energy 5,927 5,855 1,824 -1.2 -68.8 Energy programs 5,927 5,855 1,824 -1.2 -68.8 Energy efficiency and renewable energy 2,507 2,022 819 -19.3 -59.5 Fossil energyb,c 1,563 1,589 -399 1.7 -125.1 Nuclear energy 780 1,358 1,187 74.1 -12.6 Electricity delivery 171 180 191 5.3 6.1 Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Responsec 110 108 -50 -1.8 -146.3 Advanced Research Projects Agency- Energy (ARPA-E) 460 460 200 0.0 -56.5 Clean Energy Demonstrationc 217 50 -200 -76.8 -496.9 Bonneville Power Administration Fund 2 2 2 0.0 0.0 Tennessee Valley Authority 117 85 74 -27.4 -12.9 Energy information, policy, and regulation (276) 96 64 66 -33.3 3.1 Nuclear Regulatory Commission 96 64 66 -33.3 3.1 R&D 5,996 5,895 1,916 -1.7 -67.5 Energy supply (271) 5,900 5,831 1,850 -1.2 -68.3 Department of Energy 5,783 5,746 1,776 -0.6 -69.1 Energy programs 5,783 5,746 1,776 -0.6 -69.1 Energy efficiency and renewable energy 2,413 1,943 785 -19.5 -59.6 Fossil energyb,c 1,513 1,560 -413 3.1 -126.5 Nuclear energy 780 1,358 1,187 74.1 -12.6 Electricity delivery 171 180 191 5.3 6.1 Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Responsec 110 108 -50 -1.8 -146.3 Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) 460 460 200 0.0 -56.5 Clean Energy Demonstrationc 217 50 -200 -76.8 -496.9 Bonneville Power Administration Fund 2 2 2 0.0 0.0 Tennessee Valley Authority 117 85 74 -27.4 -12.9 Energy information, policy, and regulation (276) 96 64 66 -33.3 3.1 Nuclear Regulatory Commission 96 64 66 -33.3 3.1 a The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. b Fossil energy was renamed to Fossil energy and carbon management in the 2023 Presidential Budget Request, and it was renamed back to Fossil energy in the FY 2026 Presidential Budget Request. c Several Department of Energy programs reported negative R&D estimates, which are from Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58) rescissions accounted for in FY 2026 advanced appropriations. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data. Source(s): Agencies' submissions to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.