National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 Table 1. Federal budget authority for R&D and R&D plant, by budget function, ordered by FY 2024 R&D and R&D plant total: FYs 2024– 26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Budget function 2024 actual 2025 preliminarya 2026 proposed 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) R&D and R&D plant 199,342 188,596 153,666 -5.4 -18.5 National defense 105,686 96,695 93,385 -8.5 -3.4 Health 47,206 46,613 30,044 -1.3 -35.5 General science and basic research 15,659 14,626 10,147 -6.6 -30.6 Space flight, research, and supporting activities 10,215 10,647 6,822 4.2 -35.9 Energy 6,140 6,004 1,964 -2.2 -67.3 Natural resources and environment 3,247 3,196 1,358 -1.6 -57.5 Agriculture 2,910 2,889 2,451 -0.7 -15.2 Commerce and housing credit 2,639 2,302 2,565 -12.8 11.4 Transportation 2,198 2,234 1,916 1.6 -14.2 Veterans benefits and services 1,826 1,839 1,864 0.7 1.4 Education, training, employment, and social services 819 790 398 -3.5 -49.6 Administration of justice 446 442 400 -0.9 -9.5 International affairs 252 220 252 -12.7 14.5 Income security 95 94 95 -1.1 1.1 Community and regional development 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 Medicare 0 0 0
R&D 182,441 175,451 136,900 -3.8 -22.0 National defense 95,870 89,745 83,071 -6.4 -7.4 Health 45,623 45,201 26,742 -0.9 -40.8 General science and basic research 13,662 13,259 8,599 -2.9 -35.1 Space flight, research, and supporting activities 10,149 10,595 6,770 4.4 -36.1 Energy 5,996 5,895 1,916 -1.7 -67.5 Natural resources and environment 541 541 369 0.0 -31.8 Agriculture 2,679 2,672 2,277 -0.3 -14.8 Commerce and housing credit 2,479 2,181 2,444 -12.0 12.1 Transportation 2,141 2,157 1,840 0.7 -14.7 Veterans benefits and services 1,826 1,839 1,864 0.7 1.4 Education, training, employment, and social services 792 751 375 -5.2 -50.1 Administration of justice 385 381 335 -1.0 -12.1 International affairs 198 134 198 -32.3 47.8 Income security 95 94 95 -1.1 1.1 Community and regional development 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 Medicare 0 0 0
R&D plant 16,902 13,145 16,766 -22.2 27.5 National defense 9,816 6,950 10,314 -29.2 48.4 Health 1,583 1,412 3,302 -10.8 133.9 General science and basic research 1,997 1,367 1,548 -31.6 13.3 Space flight, research, and supporting activities 66 52 52 -21.2 0.0 Energy 144 108 48 -24.8 -55.7 Natural resources and environment 2,705 2,655 989 -1.9 -62.8 Agriculture 231 217 174 -6.1 -19.8 Commerce and housing credit 160 121 121 -24.4 0.0 Transportation 57 77 76 35.1 -1.3 Veterans benefits and services 0 0 0
Education, training, employment, and social services 27 39 23 44.4 -41.0 Administration of justice 61 61 65 0.0 6.6 International affairs 54 86 54 59.3 -37.2 Income security 0 0 0
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 Table 1. Federal budget authority for R&D and R&D plant, by budget function, ordered by FY 2024 R&D and R&D plant total: FYs 2024– 26 (Millions of dollars and percent change) Budget function 2024 actual 2025 preliminarya 2026 proposed 2024–25 (% change) 2025–26 (% change) Community and regional development 0 0 0
Medicare 0 0 0
a The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data. Source(s): Agencies' submissions to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.