162 NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT
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ELECTRICITY SOLAR H OTHERS 84.03% 7.74% 8.23%
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Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT 162
5 Housing Characteristics
A total of fourteen (14) main questions were asked in the Census-2023 to collect and assess the
housing characteristics of the province. The questions ranged from tenure of the housing unit
to the number of family members living abroad (who stayed abroad for six months or more).
The main focus was on assessing the type of housing units, type of material used in construction
and the type of housing facilities available in the housing unit. This part of the Provincial
Census Report has been divided into two sections namely: Type of Housing Units which
constitutes information such as level of congestion, nature of tenure, period of construction of
owned housing units, construction material used for construction of walls & roofs while the
second part comprises of Availability of Housing Facilities, including information on sources
of drinking water, lighting, fuel used for cooking, availability of kitchen, bathroom, Toilet
facility.
5.1 Type of Structures
The sustainable housing and infrastructure development is the concern, before taking a step
towards contributing to this sector. It is important for everyone to be aware of different types
of buildings, their structure types and geographical location. Every constructor, be it an
individual building a new home or a builder developing a vertical city, needs to have the proper
information to be able to build in compliance with government regulations.
As Census is a complete count of all structures and population of country, therefore, to capture the different variations in structure as per changing ground realities. PBS with the consultation of all stakeholders and recommendations of technical committees, included the question regarding the type of structure with different variations along with identification of 23 different types of entities i.e houses, hospital, shops. The type of structures has been included first time in Census-2023. Following the categories that were included to determine.
Normal Residential: 1-3 Story Residential Buildings
Normal Economic: 1-3 Story Economic Activity Buildings
Normal Economic + Residential: 1-3 Story Multi-Purpose Buildings
Multistory Residential: All structures with 4 and above floors
Multistory Economic: All structures with 4 and above floors with Economic Activity Buildings
Multistory Economic + Residential: More than 3 Floors Multi-Purpose Buildings HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
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The Table 5.1 provides a breakdown of different types of structures in Pakistan across its provinces, including multi -story buildings, residential and economic structures, informal structures, and under-construction buildings. Residential structures have the highest percentage of 79.43% of total buildings in Pakistan showing a strong focus on housing. At provincial level, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with 81.60% has the highest proportion of residential structures whereas Punjab with 78.57% and Sindh with 79.73% have slightly lower proportions. The analysis of residential structure is showing that Pakistan’s infrastructure is largely residential, with less emphasis on mixed-use buildings or economic structures. Total multistory structures of Pakistan are 114,148 out of which 64.38% are multi-story residential structure followed by multi -story residential & economic structures with 28.96% and multi -story economic structures with 28.96%. Multi-story residential structures are predominantly found in Sindh Province, accounting for 64.84% of the total, largely due to the prevalence of flat-type residential blocks in its urban areas. Likewise, Sindh also leads in the combined category of multi -story residential and eco nomic structures, representing 74.63%, followed by Punjab at 15.45%, Islamabad at 4.00%, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa at 3.98%, and Balochistan at 1.93%. Overall, Pakistan has a very low percentage (0.02%) of multi-story economic structures, indicating limited presence of high-rise business buildings. Islamabad has the highest share of multi-story economic structures with 0.19% as it serves as a corporate hub with financial institutions, multinational offices and embassies whereas Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have 0.02%. Balochistan stands at lowest with 0.01 % showing limited business activity. Pakistan’s national share of economic structures is 13.44% reflecting that the economic structures make up a smaller proportion when compared to residential buildings 79.43%, indicating Pakistan’s focus on housing over commercial development. Punjab has the highest percentage with 14.78% in economic structures, showing its role as Pakistan’s economic hub. RESIDENTIAL & ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC
TYPE OF STRUCTURE NORMAL RESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC RESIDENTIAL & ECONOMIC MULTI STORY STRUCTURE RESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC RESIDENTIAL & ECONOMIC JUGHI UNDER CONSTRUCTION Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT 164
The national percentage of Jughi/ Jhompri/ Tent/ Cave is 1.39% whereas Balochistan has the highest proportion of this category of structure with 4.28% signifying that rural communities rely on temporary shelters due to underdeveloped housing infrastructure. On the other hand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has the lowest percentage with 0.20% indicating that rural communities have traditional but more permanent housing structures.
Pakistan’s national share of under-construction structures is 2.42% showing that Pakistan is experiencing significant growth in construction activity, with rapid urban expansion. Islamabad has the highest percentage i.e. 6.56%, reflecting heavy infrastructure and real estate investment whereas Punjab has the lowest share i.e. 2.39%, indicating a more stable and mature infrastructure base. Table 5.1: Residential Structures of Housing Units by Province
Area / Province
Pakistan KP Punjab Sindh Balochistan Islamabad Residential Structure Residential Structure 73,490 (0.19%) 3,391 (0.06%) 18,136 (0.08%) 48,389 (0.63%) 1,437 (0.06%) 2,137 (0.51%) Economic Structure
7,593 (0.02%) 1,191 (0.02%) 3,533 (0.02%) 1,815 (0.02%) 259 (0.01%) 795 (0.19%) Residential & Economic Structure
33,065 (0.09%) 1,317 (0.02%) 5,109 (0.02%) 24,678 (0.32%) 637 (0.03%) 1,324 (0.32%) Normal Structures Residential Structure
30,434,514 (79.43%) 4,689,072 (81.60%) 17,379,863 (78.57%) 6,163,126 (79.73%) 1,864,928 (80.91%) 337,525 (80.96%) Economic Structure
5,151,063 (13.44%) 756,175 (13.16%) 3,270,252 (14.78%) 825,884 (10.68%) 267,313 (11.60%) 31,439 (7.54%) Residential & Economic Structure
1,160,304 (3.03%) 96,991 (1.69%) 810,060 (3.66%) 215,689 (2.79%) 23,950 (1.04%) 13,614 (3.27%)
Jughi/ Jhompri/ Tent/ Cave
530,918 (1.39%) 11,477 (0.20%) 104,267 (0.47%) 313,738 (4.06%) 98,723 (4.28%) 2,713 (0.65%)
Under- Construction Structure
927,160 (2.42%) 186,798 (3.25%) 528,470 (2.39%) 136,920 (1.77%) 47,622 (2.07%) 27,350 (6.56%)
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
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5.1.1 Type of Housing Units I. Level of Congestion - Persons and Rooms According to the Census-2023, there are 38.29 million households as compared to 31.92 million enumerated in Census-2017, which shows an increase of 6.37% during the intercensal period of 2017-2023. The distribution of housing units according to rural urban domains in Pakistan is 60.77% and 39.23% respectively as shown in Table 5.2.
Level of congestion in terms of persons and rooms per housing unit reflect the living standard of a society. It also helps in determining the overall requirement of housing units and ultimately provides a base for policy formulation and future planning at micro and macro level. The average household size has decreased from 6.4 persons reported in Census-2017 to 6.3 persons in Census-2023. Table 5.2: Indices of Level of Congestion in Housing Units by Rural/Urban, Census- 2017 and 2023 Level of Congestion 2017 2023
All Areas Rural Urban All Areas Rural Urban Average Household size 6.4 6.6 6.1 6.3 6.34 6.25 Houses with Single Room (%) 31.4 34.8 25.7 31.79 37.48 22.99 Houses with 2-4 Rooms (%) 58.7 56.0 63.0 60.52 55.93 67.64 Houses with 5 and More Rooms (%) 10.0 9.2 11.3 7.68 0.89 6.11 Housing Units Breakdown by Rural/Urban (%) 100 62.1 37.9 100.00 60.77 39.23 Number of Households 31,915,884 19,834,199 12,081,685 38,292,556 23,268,867 15,023,689 The percentage of single room houses has marginally increased from 31.4% in Census-2017 to 31.79% in Census-2023. This change is particularly notable in rural areas with 37.48%, where overcrowding in one-room units has been a significant issue, however there is decline in urban areas from 25.7% in Census 2017 to 22.99% in Census 2023. This shift also highlights the ongoing challenges in providing adequate housing for all. The percentage of housing units with two to four rooms has increased from 58.7% in Census-2017 to 60.52% in Census-2023. This change is due to significant increase in urban areas from 63% in Census-2017 to 67% in Census-2023. Whereas housing units with five and more rooms have decreased to 7.68% in 2023 as compared to 10.0% in Census-2017. (Figure 5.1).
Figure 5.1: Housing Units by Number of Rooms, Census-2017 and 2023 31.4 58.7 10 31.79 60.52 7.68 One Room 2-4 Rooms 5 and More Rooms 2017 2023
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
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Table 5.3 highlights the level of congestion in housing units across Pakistan’s provinces. Sindh experiences the highest congestion, with 50.31% of housing units having only a single room, while Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have a majority of 2-4 room units, indicating moderate living space. Balochistan also shows a considerable percentage of single-room units with 32.72%, reflecting housing challenges. The proportion of housing units with five or more rooms remains low across all provinces, with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan having slightly better conditions than Sindh. Table 5.3: Indices of Level of Congestion in Housing Units by Provinces, Census- 2023 Level of Congestion 2023 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Balochistan Islamabad Average Household size 6.9 6.44 5.65 6.43 5.52 Housing Units with Single Room (%) 27.52 24.24 50.31 32.72 8.1 Housing Units with 2-4 Rooms (%) 62.83 67.01 46.07 57.67 77.06 Housing Units with 5 and More Rooms (%) 9.65 8.75 3.61 9.6 14.83 Number of Households 5,861,457 19,839,980 9,862,870 2,317,256 410,993
II. Nature of Tenure The nature of tenure is defined by the type of house ownership. In Census-2017, the categories included Owned, Rented, and Rent-Free. However, in Census-2023, for the first time, additional classifications Government, Non-Government, and Others have been introduced. In the Census-2017, these classifications were grouped under the broader categories of Owned, Rented, and Rent-Free.
Government Houses refer to accommodations allocated by the government to its employees, while Non-Government Houses are those provided by private sector organizations to their employees. The category "Others" includes all housing arrangements that do not fall into these specified types. This classification aims to provide accurate data, enabling the government to develop housing schemes based on the actual housing situation.
Of the total housing units enumerated in the Census-2023, there is a marginal decline in the proportion of owned houses i.e. 81.91% as compared to 82.14% in the Census-2017 as shown in Table 5.4. Rented housing has increased slightly from 11.53% to 11.87%, suggesting a growing reliance on rental properties. The proportion of rent-free housing has notably decreased from 6.33% to 4.2%, possibly reflecting changing socioeconomic conditions. Additionally, government-owned housing now constitutes 0.96%, while the "Others" category has risen to 0.91%, showing diversification in housing tenure.