Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
viii NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT
Provincial Incharges Team
Mr. Shaukat Ali Khan
Deputy Director General (Incharge KPK)
Mr. Munawar Ali Ghanghro
Director (Incharge Sindh)
Mr. Muhammad Suhaib
Director (Incharge Balochistan)
Dr. Syed Waseem Abbas
Director (Incharge Punjab)
Syed Rahat Ali
CSO (Incharge GB)
Mr. Muhammad Waseem
CSO (Incharge AJK)
DP Section Team
Mr. Muhammad Ehtesham
Director
Ms. Sobia Munawar
Director
Mr. Muhammad Yasir Ishfaq
Director
Mr. Asif Usman Khattak
Chief System Analyst
Mr. Tahir Mahmood
Chief System Analyst
Mr. Mudassir Akhtar
Chief System Analyst
Mr. Arsalan Bashir
Data Processing Officer
Mr. Muhammad Zubair
Data Processing Officer
Mr. Ghulam Kibria
Data Processing Officer
Ms. Sumaira Yasmeen
System Analyst
Mr. Ali Raza
System Analyst
Ms. Asma Hamza
System Analyst
Ms. Samra Iqbal
System Analyst
Ms. Mehreen Syed
Data Processing Assistant
Ms. Aleena Qadeer
Data Processing Assistant
Mr. Waqar Ahmed
Data Processing Assistant
Mr. Saddam Hussain
Data Processing Assistant
Mr. Usman Ali
Data Processing Assistant
FS/ GIS Team
Qazi Ismatullah
Joint Census Commissioner(G)
Mr. Rafiq Hussain Talpur
Director
Mr. Farukh Jalees
Director
Mr. Sayyad Anwar
Chief Statistical Officer
Ms. Kanwal Murtaza
Chief Statistical Officer
Administration, Budget & Coordination Team
Dr. Amjad Javed Sandhu
Director General Admn
Mr. Imran Saleem
Director
Qazi Saeed ul Hassan,
Deputy Director (Admn)
Mr. Muhammad Sarfaraz
Chief Statistical Officer
Mr. Dildar Hussain
Deputy Agricultural Census Commissioner
Mr. Muhammad Saleem
Assistant Census Commissioner
Mr. Shahbaz Ashraf
Statistical Officer
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NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT ix
Training Management Team
Ms. Rabia Awan
Deputy Director General (CPMU/CP&C)
Dr. Naveed Iqbal
Joint Agriculture Census Commissioner
Mr. Mudassir Akhtar
Chief System Analyst
Mr. Asif Usman Khattak, CSA
Chief System Analyst
Ms. Kanwal Murtaza
Chief Statistical Officer
Mr. Muhammad Saleem
Assistant Census Commissioner
Mr. Saeed Ahmed
Assistant Census Commissioner
Ms. Hina Kanwal
Statistical Officer
Ms. Sana Habib
Statistical Officer
Mr. Saqib Sultan Khawar
Statistical Officer
Ms. Sumaira Yasmin
System Analyst
Mr. Ziaullah
System Analyst
Mr. Zubair Ahmad
Data Processing Officer
Ms Ehsana Anum Syed
Statistical Officer
Trend Analysis Team
Ms. Rabia Awan
Deputy Director General (CPMU/CP&C)
Mr. Muhammad Yasir Ishfaq
Director
Dr. Arshad Mehmood
Chief Statistical Officer
Mr. Saeed Ahmed
Assistant Census Commissioner
Ms. Sana Habib
Statistical Officer
Mr. Saqib Sultan Khawar
Statistical Officer
Ms. Hina Kanwal
Statistical Officer
Mr Najeeb ullah
Statistical Officer
Ms Madiha Amjed
Statistical Officer
Mr Zubair Ahmed
Data Processing Officer
Mr. Umair Saeed
System Analyst
Mr. Zameer Ahmed
System Analyst
Mr. Ali Raza
System Analyst
Ms. Tayyaba
System Analyst
Ms. Ehsana Anum Syed
Statistical Officer
Mr. Haseeb
Statistical Officer
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
x NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT
Data Quality Assurance Team
Ms. Rabia Awan
DDG(CPMU/CP&C)
Mr. Muhammad Yasir Ishfaq
Director
Mr. Mudassir Akhtar
Chief System Analyst
Mr. Saeed Ahmed
Assistant Census Commissioner
Mr. Saqib Sultan Khawar
Statistical Officer
Ms. Sana Habib (Housing Section)
Statistical Officer
Ms. Hina Kanwal (Education Section)
Statistical Officer
Mr. Najeeb ullah (Employment & Migration Section)
Statistical Officer
Ms. Madiha Amjed
Statistical Officer
Mr. Waqar Ahmad Khan
Data Processing Assistant
Mr. Saddam Hussain
Data Processing Assistant
Mr. Usman Ali
Data Processing Assistant
Media Coordination Team/ Sample Design Team
Ms. Rabia Awan
Deputy Director General (CPMU/CP&C)
Ms. Ayesha Sajid
Instructor
Ms. Rumana Sadaf
Chief Statistical Officer
Ms. Madiha Amjed
Statistical Officer
Ms. Hina Kanwal
Statistical Officer
Ms. Tayyaba
System Analyst
Mr. Umair Saeed
System Analyst
Ms. Bushra Warsi
Statistical Assistant
Ms. Nobeed Sohail
Statistical Assistant
Ms. Sana Naz
Statistical Assistant
Ms. Bilqees Nazir
Statistical Assistant
Ms. Sadia Maryam
Statistical Assistant
Ms. Irum Sultana
Statistical Assistant
NCR Writing and Review Team
Ms. Rabia Awan
Deputy Director General (CPMU/CP&C)
Dr. Arshad Mehmood
Chief Statistical Officer
Ms. Ayesha Sajid
Instructor
Ms. Rumana Sadaf
Chief Statistical Officer
Ms. Madiha Amjed
Statistical Officer
Mr. Muhammad Awais
Statistical Assistant
Ms. Hina Javed
Statistical Assistant
NCR Formatting and Graphic Designing Team
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT xi
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 1 2 Digital Census 2023 at a Glance .............................................................................. 7 3 Structure of National Census Report ...................................................................... 8 1 General Description of Pakistan .............................................................................. 9 1.1 Physical Features and Topography ....................................................................................... 12 1.1.1 Mountainous and Hilly Areas ...................................................................................................... 12 I. Northern Mountains.............................................................................................................. 12 II. Western Bordering Mountains.............................................................................................. 15 III. Sulaiman Mountains and Kirthar Hills ................................................................................. 15 IV. Mountains and Hills of Sub-Himalayas ................................................................................ 15 1.1.2 Plateaus ........................................................................................................................................ 15 I. The Balochistan Plateau ....................................................................................................... 15 II. The Potohar Region .............................................................................................................. 16 1.1.3 Plains ........................................................................................................................................... 17 I. Trans-Indus Plain ................................................................................................................. 17 II. Upper Indus Plain ................................................................................................................. 17 III. Lower Indus Plain ................................................................................................................ 17 IV. Deltaic Plain ......................................................................................................................... 17 1.1.4 Desert Areas ................................................................................................................................ 18 I. Thar Desert ........................................................................................................................... 18 II. Cholistan Desert ................................................................................................................... 18 III. Thal Desert ........................................................................................................................... 18 IV. Kharan Desert ....................................................................................................................... 18 V. The Indus Valley Desert ....................................................................................................... 19 1.1.5 Water Resources .......................................................................................................................... 19 I. The Indus .............................................................................................................................. 19 II. Major Lakes .......................................................................................................................... 20 1.1.6 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 22 1.2 Flora and Fauna .................................................................................................................... 23 1.2.1 Flora ............................................................................................................................................. 23 1.2.2 Fauna ........................................................................................................................................... 24 1.3 Administrative Structure ....................................................................................................... 25 1.4 Legislative Structure ............................................................................................................. 25 1.4.1 President of Pakistan ................................................................................................................... 26 1.4.2 National Assembly ...................................................................................................................... 26 1.4.3 The Senate ................................................................................................................................... 27 1.5 Executive Structure ............................................................................................................... 27 1.5.1 Prime Minister of Pakistan .......................................................................................................... 27 1.5.2 Provincial Governments .............................................................................................................. 28 1.5.3 Local Governments...................................................................................................................... 28 1.6 Judiciary................................................................................................................................ 29 1.6.1 Supreme Court of Pakistan .......................................................................................................... 29 1.6.2 Federal Shariat Court ................................................................................................................... 30 1.6.3 High Courts ................................................................................................................................. 30 1.6.4 Other Courts and Tribunals ......................................................................................................... 31 1.7 Economy ............................................................................................................................... 31 1.7.1 Agriculture Sector........................................................................................................................ 35 1.7.2 Industrial Sector ........................................................................................................................... 37 1.7.3 Services Sector ............................................................................................................................ 39 1.8 Health.................................................................................................................................... 40 Table of Contents
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1.8.1 Healthcare System ....................................................................................................................... 41 1.8.2 Healthcare Delivery System ........................................................................................................ 41 I. Primary Healthcare ............................................................................................................... 41 1.8.2.1 Secondary Healthcare ........................................................................................................... 41 1.8.2.2 Tertiary Healthcare ............................................................................................................... 42 1.8.3 Family Planning and Primary Health Care .................................................................................. 42 1.9 Education .............................................................................................................................. 43 1.9.1 Pre-Primary Education ................................................................................................................ 44 1.9.2 Primary Education (ClassesI-V) .................................................................................................. 44 1.9.3 Middle Education (ClassesVi-Viii) ............................................................................................. 44 1.9.4 Secondary/High Education (Classes IX- X) ................................................................................ 44 1.9.5 Higher Secondary / Inter Colleges (ClassesXI-XII) .................................................................... 45 1.9.6 Technical & Vocational Institutes ............................................................................................... 45 1.9.7 Degree Colleges (ClassesXIII-XIV) ............................................................................................ 45 1.9.8 Universities (Classes XV Onwards) ............................................................................................ 45 2 History and Methodology of Census ..................................................................... 46 2.1 History of Population Censuses ............................................................................................ 46 2.2 The Digital Census 2023 ...................................................................................................... 50 2.2.1 Consultative and Sensitization Process ........................................................................................ 53 2.2.1.1 Consultative Meetings with Provinces ................................................................................. 53 2.2.1.2 Sensitization Workshops with Stakeholders ......................................................................... 55 2.2.1.3 Sensitization Workshops with Government Functionaries ................................................... 56 2.2.2 Role of Service Providing Agencies ............................................................................................ 58 2.2.3 Census Software .......................................................................................................................... 58 2.2.4 Census Hardware and IT Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 59 2.2.5 Provision of Call Center Services ................................................................................................ 60 2.2.6 Acquisition of High Resolution Imagery ..................................................................................... 60 2.2.7 Deployment of Census Field Staff ............................................................................................... 61 2.2.8 Establishment of Census Support Centers ................................................................................... 61 2.2.9 Pilot Census of Digital Census-2023 ........................................................................................... 61 2.2.10 Training of Census Staff .............................................................................................................. 65 2.3 Enumeration Method and Field Operation ........................................................................... 67 2.4 Post Enumeration Survey ..................................................................................................... 68 2.5 Finalization and Approval of Census Results ....................................................................... 70 2.6 Census Communication and Trust Building Strategy........................................................... 71 2.6.1 Implementation of Communication Strategy ............................................................................... 72 2.6.2 First Phase: Campaign Strategic Planning (Aug 21-Jan 22) ........................................................ 72 I. Formation of Dedicated Media Cell ..................................................................................... 72 II. Comprehensive Work Plan with appropriate timelines. ....................................................... 72 III. Appointment of Media Spokesperson / Focal Person ........................................................... 72 IV. Budget Proposal for Publicity Campaign ............................................................................. 73 V. Involvement of Media Partners ............................................................................................ 73 VI. Hiring of Media Advertisement Agencies ............................................................................ 73 VII. Work Distribution: ............................................................................................................... 73 VIII. Hiring of Social Media Firm ................................................................................................ 73 2.6.3 Second Phase: Early Education Phase (Feb 22-Sep 2022) .......................................................... 74 I. Census Logo ......................................................................................................................... 74 II. Finalization of IEC material ................................................................................................. 75 III. Standard policies of Advertisement in Field......................................................................... 75 IV. Campaign on Social Media .................................................................................................. 75 V. Publicity in social media during Education Phase ................................................................ 76 VI. Other Activities .................................................................................................................... 76 2.6.4 Third Phase: Awareness Phase (Oct 22- Jan 23) ......................................................................... 76 I. Brain Storming Session with Demographers ........................................................................ 76
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II. First Media Briefing ............................................................................................................. 77 III. Engagement of National and International Organizations ................................................... 77 IV. Brief to Census Commissioners about their role in Census .................................................. 77 V. Song Competition ................................................................................................................. 78 VI. Social Media Campaign during Trainings ............................................................................ 78 VII. Publicity in Print Media during Awareness Phase ................................................................ 79 2.6.5 Fourth Phase: Motivation (Self Enumeration and Field Enumeration) (Feb 23- Apr 23)............ 79 I. Building Confidence of Media ............................................................................................. 79 II. Inauguration of Self Enumeration Portal and release of Census Song ................................. 80 III. Publicity during Self-Enumeration ....................................................................................... 81 IV. Inauguration of Field Operation by local Influential at tehsil / district and provincial level and by Chief Census Commissioner at National Level ........................................................................ 82 V. Social Media Publicity Campaign during Motivation Phase ................................................ 82 VI. Involvement of Influencers to boost Social Media Campaign .............................................. 85 VII. Mainstream Media (TV, Radio, Print) Campaign during Field Enumeration ...................... 85 i. TV......................................................................................................................................... 85 ii. Print ...................................................................................................................................... 86 iii. Radio .................................................................................................................................... 87 VIII. Outdoor Publicity Campaign and Community Awareness Program .................................... 88 IX. Displaying of Banners and streamers ................................................................................... 88 X. Distribution of Leaflet/Flyers/Broachers ............................................................................. 88 XI. Branding of PBS offices, Vehicles and Census Support Centers ......................................... 89 XII. Community awareness Programs ......................................................................................... 89 XIII. Involvement of Stakeholders during the motivation Phase of Digital Census 2023 ............. 90 i. Consultation with Demographers regarding data trends ....................................................... 90 ii. Consultation with Provincial Administration regarding Field Operation and Results .......... 90 iii. Building Confidence among Media ...................................................................................... 91 iv. Engaging Political Parties ..................................................................................................... 91 XIV. Daily Media Monitoring Reports and addressing Queries of Political Parties and other Stakeholders ......................................................................................................................................... 92 i. Counter Strategy on Census Matters .................................................................................... 92 ii. Monitoring of Publicity Related activities in Field .............................................................. 92 2.6.6 Fifth Phase: Reminder Phase (May 23) ....................................................................................... 92 2.6.7 Sixth Phase: Thank-You Phase (June 23-Aug 23) ....................................................................... 93 I. Issuance of Commemorative Postage Stamp ........................................................................ 93 II. Brand Building of PBS ......................................................................................................... 94 2.6.8 Major Highlights of Social Media Campaign. ............................................................................. 94 I. Media Management, Digital PR, Audience and Media Engagement, Shout-outs etc. ......... 94 II. Thematic Campaigns on Awareness, Motivation & Action to highlight PBS ...................... 95 III. Page Management & Reporting ........................................................................................... 96 IV. News and Announcements about Digital Census ................................................................. 97 V. Crisis Communication, Risk Management and Media Management ................................... 97 VI. Selected Post from Social Media handles ............................................................................ 98 2.6.9 Data Dissemination Phase ........................................................................................................... 98 I. Data Producers and Data Users Dialogue Workshops. ......................................................... 98 II. Launching ceremony of Key Finding Report of Census 2023 ........................................... 100 3 Key Census Results and Insights ......................................................................... 102 3.1 Average Annual Growth Rates ........................................................................................... 102 3.2 District-level Population Dynamics .................................................................................... 104 3.3 Provincial Population Shares .............................................................................................. 107 3.4 Leading Cities by Population Size ...................................................................................... 109 3.5 Age and Gender Distribution .............................................................................................. 110 3.6 Population Density Analysis............................................................................................... 111 3.7 Inter-Regional Migration .................................................................................................... 114 3.8 Inter-Censal Literacy Trends .............................................................................................. 116 3.9 Literacy Gaps Across Genders ........................................................................................... 118
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3.10 Pakistan in Global Population Context ............................................................................... 122 4 Demographic Characteristics .............................................................................. 124 4.1 Population Size, Growth And Distribution ......................................................................... 124 4.1.1 Population Size and Growth ...................................................................................................... 124 4.1.2 Population Distribution by Administrative Units ...................................................................... 124 4.1.3 Household Size .......................................................................................................................... 125 4.1.4 Rural-Urban Distribution of Population .................................................................................... 125 4.1.5 Population of Major Cities......................................................................................................... 127 4.2 Population Distribution by Sex, Age and Marital Status .................................................... 128 4.2.1 Sex Ratio ................................................................................................................................... 128 4.2.2 Age Structure ............................................................................................................................. 129 4.2.3 Dependency Ratio...................................................................................................................... 132 4.2.4 Marital Status ............................................................................................................................. 133 4.2.5 Marital Status of Females in Reproductive Age Groups ........................................................... 135 4.3 Distribution of Population by Religion and Mother Tongue .............................................. 136 4.3.1 Population Distribution by Religion .......................................................................................... 136 4.3.2 Population Distribution by Mother Tongue ............................................................................... 138 4.4 Distribution of Population by Nationality ......................................................................... 138 4.5 Population With Disability ................................................................................................. 141 4.5.1 Population with Functional Limitation ...................................................................................... 142 4.5.2 Population with Functional Limitation by categories ................................................................ 143 4.6 Education ............................................................................................................................ 144 4.6.1 Literacy ...................................................................................................................................... 144 4.6.2 Out of School Children (OOSC) 5 – 16 Years .......................................................................... 149 4.6.3 Gender Parity Index ................................................................................................................. 154 4.6.4 Educational Attainment ............................................................................................................. 155 4.7 Employment........................................................................................................................ 157 4.8 Migration ............................................................................................................................ 159 5 Housing Characteristics ....................................................................................... 162 5.1 Type of Structures .............................................................................................................. 162 5.1.1 Type of Housing Units .............................................................................................................. 165 I. Level of Congestion - Persons and Rooms ......................................................................... 165 II. Nature of Tenure ................................................................................................................ 166 III. Contraction Material of House ........................................................................................... 167 IV. Province Wise Analysis of Pacca Houses .......................................................................... 168 V. District Wise Analysis of Pacca Houses ............................................................................. 169 VI. Period of Construction ........................................................................................................ 170 VII. Construction Material Used for Outer Walls ...................................................................... 172 VIII. Construction Material Used for Roofs ................................................................................ 174 5.1.2 Availability of Facilities in Housing Units ............................................................................... 175 I. Source of Drinking Water .................................................................................................. 175 II. Source of Lighting .............................................................................................................. 182 III. Fuel Used for Cooking ....................................................................................................... 185 IV. Availability of Kitchen, Bathroom and Toilet Facilities .................................................... 190 Annexure-A House Listing Form-I .................................................................................... 277 Annexure-B Census Form ................................................................................................... 278 Annexure-C National and Provincial Maps ...................................................................... 280 6 Concepts and Definitions ...................................................................................... 283