TABLE A2.1: Classification of Total Expenditure on Health by Sources of Financing
MNHA
Code
ICHA
Code
Sources of Financing
Description
MS1
HF.1
Public Sector
Refers to MS1.1 and MS1.2 classifications
MS1.1
HF.1.1
Public sector excluding social security
funds
Refers to Federal Government, state
government & local authorities
MS1.2
HF.1.2
Social security funds
SOCSO & EPF
MS2
HF.2
Private sector
Refers to MS2 classification
MS2.1
HF.2.1
Private social insurance
Currently does not exist in Malaysia
MS2.2
HF.2.2
Private insurance enterprises
(other than social insurance)
Private health insurance
MS2.3
HF.2.2
Private MCOs and other similar entities
Registered MCO other than private health
insurance
MS2.4
HF.2.3
Private household OOP expenditures
Individual OOP spending on health
MS2.5
HF.2.4
Non-profit institutions serving households
Health-related NGOs
MS2.6
HF.2.5
All corporations (other than health
insurance)
Private employers
MS9
HF.3
Rest of the world
Rest of the world
100
MALAYSIA NATIONAL HEALTH ACCOUNTS HEALTH EXPENDITURE REPORT 2011-2022
TABLE A2.2: Classification of Total Expenditure on Health to Providers of Health Care MNHA Code ICHA Code Providers of Health Care Description MP1 HP.1 All hospitals Public & private hospitals MP2 HP.2 Nursing and residential care facilities Nursing care facilities including psychiatric care facilities, residential facilities for mental health, etc. MP3 HP.3 Providers of ambulatory healthcare Establishments providing ambulatory health care services directly to non- hospital setting, e.g. medical practitioner clinics, dental clinics, etc. MP4 HP.4 Retail sale and other providers of medical goods Pharmacies & retail sale/suppliers of vision products, hearing aids, medical appliances MP5 HP.5 Provision and administration of public health programmes Providers of public health programmes including health prevention & promotion services (public & private) MP6 HP.6 General health administration and insurance Overall administration of health care (public & private) and health insurance administration. (note: for MOH it includes administration of HQ excluding public health programmes), state health dept., admin. cost for hospitals management MP7 HP.7 Other industries (rest of the Malaysian economy) Private occupational health care & home care, etc. MP8 HP.7.9 Institutions providing health-related services Health training institutions (public & private) MP9 HP.9 Rest of the world Non-resident providers providing health care for the final use of residents of Malaysia 101 MALAYSIA NATIONAL HEALTH ACCOUNTS HEALTH EXPENDITURE REPORT 2011-2022
TABLE A2.3: Classification of Total Expenditure on Health for Functions of Health Care MNHA Code ICHA Code Functions of Health Care Description MF1 HC.1 Services of curative care Curative care provider at inpatient, outpatient, daycare & homecare services MF2 HC.2 Services of rehabilitative care Rehabilitative care provider at inpatient, outpatient, daycare & homecare services MF3 HC.3 Services of long-term nursing care Long term nursing care provider at inpatient, outpatient, daycare & homecare services MF4 HC.4 Ancillary services to health care Stand-alone laboratory, diagnostic imaging, transport & emergency rescue, etc. MF5 HC.5 Medical goods dispensed to out-patients Pharmaceuticals, appliances, western medicines, TCM, etc. MF6 HC.6 Public health services, including health promotion and prevention Health promotion, prevention, family planning, school health services, etc. MF7 HC.7 Health program administration and health insurance Administration at HQ, State health dept, local authorities, SOCSO, EPF, private insurance, etc. MR1 HC.R.1 Capital formation of health care provider institutions Gross capital formation of domestic health care provider institutions exclude retail sale and others providers goods MR2 HC.R.2 Education and training of health personnel Government & private provision of education and training of health personnel, including admin., etc. MR3 HC.R.3 Research and development in health Research and development in relation to health care MR9 HC.R.6 All other health-related expenditures Category to capture all other expenditures that not classified elsewhere in MNHA 102 MALAYSIA NATIONAL HEALTH ACCOUNTS HEALTH EXPENDITURE REPORT 2011-2022
TABLE A3.1: WHO Indicators and Data - Malaysian Health Expenditure from Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED)
SHA 2011
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Current Health Expenditure (CHE) as % Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
3.3%
3.5%
3.5%
3.7%
3.8%
3.7%
3.7%
3.8%
3.8%
4.1%
Health Capital Expenditure (HK) % Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.4%
Current Health Expenditure (CHE) per Capita in US$
349.6
379.4
390.8
426.0
380.5
363.3
381.1
427.8
438.9
429.5
Current Health Expenditure (CHE) per Capita in PPP
730
806
836
926
948
945
990
1,062
1,137
1,152
General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE) as % General Government
Expenditure (GGE)
6.5%
6.5%
6.8%
7.8%
8.2%
8.3%
8.7%
8.5%
8.5%
8.6%
General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE) as % Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
1.8%
1.9%
1.9%
2.0%
2.0%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
2.0%
2.2%
Domestic Health Expenditure (DOM) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Domestic General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE-D) as % Current Health
Expenditure (CHE)
53.2%
53.9%
53.9%
54.7%
53.2%
51.0%
51.7%
51.3%
52.3%
52.8%
Domestic Private Health Expenditure (PVT-D) as % Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
46.8%
46.1%
46.1%
45.3%
46.8%
49.0%
48.3%
48.7%
47.7%
47.2%
Voluntary Health Insurance (VHI) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
8.5%
8.1%
8.0%
7.7%
8.1%
8.3%
8.0%
7.9%
8.4%
8.4%
Out-of-pocket (OOPS) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
34.0%
33.0%
33.7%
33.0%
33.7%
35.9%
35.9%
36.6%
36.1%
35.9%
External Health Expenditure (EXT) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Domestic General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE-D) as % General
Government Expenditure (GGE)
6.5%
6.5%
6.8%
7.8%
8.2%
8.3%
8.7%
8.5%
8.5%
8.6%
Domestic General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE-D) as % Gross Domestic
Product (GDP)
1.8%
1.9%
1.9%
2.0%
2.0%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
2.0%
2.2%
Domestic General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE-D) per Capita in US$
186.14
204.60
210.68
233.15
202.44
185.43
197.20
219.29
229.69
226.55
Domestic General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE-D) per Capita in PPP Int$
388
435
451
507
504
482
512
544
595
608
Domestic Private Health Expenditure (PVT-D) per Capita in US$
163.45
174.77
180.15
192.81
178.05
177.91
183.90
208.54
209.20
202.85
Domestic Private Health Expenditure (PVT-D) per Capita in PPP Int$
341
371
386
419
444
463
478
517
542
544
External Health Expenditure (EXT) per Capita in US$
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
External Health Expenditure (EXT) per Capita in PPP Int$
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPS) per Capita in US$
119
125
132
141
128
131
137
157
158
154
Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPS) per Capita in PPP Int$
248
266
282
306
308
319
339
370
386
391
Compulsory Financing Arrangements (CFA) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
53.4%
54.0%
54.0%
54.8%
53.3%
51.2%
51.9%
51.4%
52.5%
52.9%
Government Financing Arrangements (GFA) as % of Currrent Health Expenditure (CHE)
52.7%
53.4%
53.3%
54.1%
52.6%
50.4%
51.1%
50.5%
51.7%
52.1%
Compulsory Health Insurance (CHI) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
0.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
Compulsory Private Health Insurance (CHI-PVT) as % of Current Health Expenditure
(CHE)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Social Health Insurance (SHI) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
0.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
Voluntary Financing Arrangements (VFA) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
46.6%
46.0%
46.0%
45.2%
46.7%
48.8%
48.1%
48.6%
47.5%
47.1%
Rest of the World (RoW) as % of Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
0.0%
0.0%
Primary Health Care (PHC) Expenditure per Capita in US$
143
154
162
179
160
153
160
180
182
188
Primary Health Care (PHC) Expenditure as % Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
40.8%
40.7%
41.6%
42.0%
42.0%
42.0%
42.1%
42.2%
41.6%
43.9%
Expenditure on Immunization Programmes as % Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
Expenditure on Vaccines as % Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
Expenditure on COVID as % Current Health Expenditure (CHE)
2.7%
103
MALAYSIA NATIONAL HEALTH ACCOUNTS HEALTH EXPENDITURE REPORT 2011-2022
TABLE A3.2: Malaysia Current Health Expenditure by Revenues and Health Care Financing Schemes from Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) SHA 2011 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Current health expenditure by revenues of health care financing schemes 30,649 34,062 36,290 41,636 44,983 46,249 50,978 54,428 58,088 58,427 Transfers from government domestic revenue (allocated to health purposes) 16,162 18,194 19,343 22,525 23,672 23,293 26,050 27,488 30,006 30,421 Internal transfers and grants 16,162 18,194 19,343 22,525 23,672 23,293 26,050 27,488 30,006 30,421 Transfers distributed by government from foreign origin 0 Social insurance contributions 157 176 219 264 261 310 329 410 394 402 Social insurance contributions from employees 35 39 48 59 58 69 73 91 87 89 Social insurance contributions from employers 122 137 170 206 203 242 256 319 306 313 Compulsory prepayment (Other, and unspecified, than FS.3) 39 38 42 46 52 56 58 67 83 79 Voluntary prepayment 2,614 2,774 2,916 3,203 3,623 3,846 4,085 4,313 4,875 4,937 Other domestic revenues n.e.c. 11,677 12,880 13,770 15,598 17,375 18,744 20,455 22,149 22,730 22,582 Other revenues from households n.e.c. 10,425 11,253 12,218 13,759 15,163 16,626 18,318 19,943 20,948 20,970 Other revenues from corporations n.e.c. 952 1,278 1,478 1,802 2,146 2,034 2,048 2,119 1,694 1,506 Other revenues from NPISH n.e.c. 300 348 73 37 67 84 88 88 89 106 Current health expenditure by financing schemes 30,649 34,062 36,290 41,636 44,983 46,249 50,978 54,428 58,088 58,427 Government schemes and compulsory contributory health care financing schemes 16,358 18,408 19,604 22,835 23,985 23,659 26,437 27,965 30,483 30,901 Government schemes 16,162 18,194 19,343 22,525 23,672 23,293 26,050 27,488 30,006 30,414 Compulsory contributory health insurance schemes 157 176 219 264 261 310 329 410 394 409 Social health insurance schemes 157 176 219 264 261 310 329 410 394 409 Compulsory Medical Saving Accounts (CMSA) 39 38 42 46 52 56 58 67 83 79 Voluntary health care payment schemes 3,867 4,400 4,467 5,042 5,836 5,964 6,222 6,520 6,657 6,562 Voluntary health insurance schemes 2,857 3,076 3,202 3,640 4,244 4,670 4,957 5,227 5,838 5,923 NPISH financing schemes (including development agencies) 300 348 73 37 67 84 88 88 89 106 Enterprise financing schemes 709 976 1,191 1,365 1,524 1,210 1,177 1,205 731 533 Household out-of-pocket payment 10,425 11,253 12,218 13,759 15,163 16,626 18,318 19,943 20,948 20,957 Rest of the world financing schemes (non-resident) 0 7 104 MALAYSIA NATIONAL HEALTH ACCOUNTS HEALTH EXPENDITURE REPORT 2011-2022