Publication of Legislative Data Open Data, AI and Semantic Web in the Legal Domain Enrico Francesconi Publications Office of the EU [email protected] Czech Republic Conference on Open Data in Public Administration 2 November 2018 E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Trends in IT E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Today’s economy revolves around data European data market in the EU28 (2016) Cit: “The Economic Benefits of Open Data” European Data Portal https://www.europeandataportal.eu/en/highlights/economic-benefits-open-data E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Open Data in Economic Growth Open Data economy is supposed to generate an additional growth up to 4% of the GDP by 2020 a growth in cumulative revenues in the period 2016-2020 estimated to 110 million Euro E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Benefits of Open Data E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Open Data, Linked Data, and the Semantic Web Data exploitation and mash-up on the Web need data available in a standard format, reachable, manageable and inter-linked Linked Data are structured and correlated data on the Web Linked Open Data (LOD) are Linked Data published with open licenses The Semantic Web (Web 3.0) is made up of Linked Open Data Semantic Web is the whole Linked Open Data is the parts E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
How the Web has evolved from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Evolution of the Web Static Web Static information Limited interaction with users E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Evolution of the Web Social Web Sharing content Collaborative content creation E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Search Engines in Web 1.0 and 2.0 Key concept: Users’ Information Needs a gap between what we know and what we want to know that motivates the search and this results in the formulation of a query Keywords indexing Query based on keywords and not on semantics Semantics is inferred: by contexts by algorithms able to infer the meaning of queries and contexts E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Example of Users’ Information Needs Unique point of access to resources in a distributed environment Advanced information retrieval and reasoning services (ex. in the legal domain) Which version of law n. 123 issued on 15 March 2007 was in force on 1 December 2010? In which laws Mr. XY is the first signer? Which laws on consumer protection do apply in a [specific region]? Which are the Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? Which are the Implicit Rights of the Consumer according to the EU law? E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Users’ Information Needs in the EU Legal Domain Cross-Language Accessibility Accessing heterogeneous data sources without language barriers E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Interoperability in a Multilanguage and Distributed Environment Re-organization of information in a distributed environment by an infrastructure based on standards E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Evolution of the Web Semantic Web (Web of Data, Internet of Things ) E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data 5-star Rating Scheme for Linked Open Data ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ Link your data to other people’s data to provide context ⋆ ⋆ ⋆⋆ Use open standard from W3C (URI, RDF and SPARQL) to describe things, so that people can point at them ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ Use non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel) ⋆⋆ Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table) ⋆ Available on the Web (whatever format) but with an Open License (to be Open Data) E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data Publications Office Web 3.0 services – Open Data cloud E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Cellar Central hub of the OP publications and data, composed by: 1 Common Content Repository (CCR) 2 Common Metadata Repository (CMR) Docs are available for long term preservation open data indexing and advanced search & retrieval services Resources are semantically described by an ontology: Common Metadata Model (CDM) Cellar SPARQL end-point publicly available E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Cellar architecture E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Cellar figures ∼250 million documents in 24 languages Metadata in 24 languages ∼1500 million semantic statements (triples) 10 million requests per day Manual for reusers https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/- /publication/50ecce27-857e-11e8-ac6a-01aa75ed71a1/language-en E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Adoption of relevant standards METS (Metadata encoding and transmission standard) ingestion protocol for the repository and the long-term preservation archive Dublin Core core metadata definition FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) data model/ontology RDF(S)/OWL (Linked Open Data (LOD)) access/reuse DCAT (Data Catalog Vocabulary), DCAT-AP (Application profile) reuse E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Eur-Lex Cellar provides content for different services as Eur-Lex E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
OP pilot project: LOD and e-Participation E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Home page E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
The discussion forum (comments, sentiments, amendments) E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Statistics on users’ sentiments per document and section E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Maps of the sentiments and activities per country E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Semantic Web Semantic Web is an infrastructure for Artificial Intelligence (AI) AI (NLP, machine learning) helps to translate the language into machine-understandable data (Smart Data) AI exploits Smart Data to implements advanced reasoning Premises =⇒Conclusions Accessing Implicit Knowledge E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Linked Open Data growth E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Linked Open Data growth E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Linked Open Data growth E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Linked Open Data growth E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
Linked Open Data growth E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
What Open Data and Semantic Web are about? They have do with Business Models for data consuming and sharing (Web services and Apps) In conjunction with eGov initiatives: Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government (Barack Obama’s administration, 2009) Open Data institutional initiatives (European Union) They are about: Legal Data Accessibility, Quality, Reusability for Citizens Therefore a promotion of: Freedom, Justice and Democracy E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data What Open Data and Semantic Web are about? They have do with Business Models for data consuming and sharing (Web services and Apps) In conjunction with eGov initiatives: Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government (Barack Obama’s administration, 2009) Open Data institutional initiatives (European Union) They are about: Legal Data Accessibility, Quality, Reusability for Citizens Therefore a promotion of: Freedom, Justice and Democracy E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data What Open Data and Semantic Web are about? They have do with Business Models for data consuming and sharing (Web services and Apps) In conjunction with eGov initiatives: Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government (Barack Obama’s administration, 2009) Open Data institutional initiatives (European Union) They are about: Legal Data Accessibility, Quality, Reusability for Citizens Therefore a promotion of: Freedom, Justice and Democracy E. Francesconi Publication of Legislative Data
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