en-1707151358-FDES_2013.pdf

Type: Document | Status: ready
← All sources

165The Basic Set of Environment Statistics 165 Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement Subcomponent 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure Topic Statistics and related information Category
of measurement Potential aggregations
and scales Methodological guidanceBold Text—Core Set/Tier 1; Regular Text—Tier 2; Italicized Text—Tier 3) Topic 6.1.1:
Government environmental protection and resource manage- ment expenditure a. Government environmental protection and resource manage - ment expenditure   • By environmental activity • By type of expenditure: • current, investment • By ministry • National • Subnational • By funding • Eurostat-SERIEE Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts Compilation Guide (202) • Eurostat-Environmental Expenditure Statistics. General Government and Specialised Producers Data Collection Handbook (2007) • Classification of Environmental Activities (CEA) • SEEA Central Framework (2012) Annex 1   1. Annual government environmental protection expendi - ture Currency 2. Annual government resource management expenditure Currency Topic 6.1.2:
Corporate, non- profit institution and household environmental protection and resource manage- ment expenditure a. Private sector environmental protection and resource man - agement expenditure • By environmental activity • By type of expenditure:
current, investment • By ISIC economic activity • National • Subnational • Eurostat-SERIEE Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts Compilation Guide (2002) • Eurostat-Environmental expenditure Statistics. General Government and Specialised Producers Data Collection Handbook (2007)   1. Annual corporate environmental protection expenditure Currency   2. Annual corporate resource management expenditure Currency   3. Annual non-profit institution environmental protection expenditure Currency   4. Annual non-profit institution resource management expendi - ture Currency   5. Annual household environmental protection expenditure Currency   6. Annual household resource management expenditure Currency Subcomponent 6.2: Environmental Governance and Regulation Topic 6.2.1:
Institutional strength a. Government environmental institutions and their resources   • National • Subnational 1. Name of main environmental authority and year of estab- lishment Description 2. Annual budget of the main environmental authority Currency 3. Number of staff in the main environmental authority Number 4. List of environmental departments in other authorities and year of establishment Description 5. Annual budget of environmental departments in other authorities Currency 6. Number of staff of environmental departments in other authorities Number b. Other environmental institutions and their resources

  1. Name of institution and year of establishment Description
  2. Annual budget of the institution Currency
  3. Number of staff in the institution Number Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 166 Topic 6.2.2: Environmental regulation and instruments a. Direct regulation •• By media (e.g., water, air, land, soil, oceans) •• By ISIC economic activity •• National •• Subnational
  4. List of regulated pollutants and description (e.g., by year of adoption and maximum allowable levels) Description, number
  5. Description (e.g., name, year established) of licensing sys­ tem to ensure compliance with environmental standards for businesses or other new facilities Description
  6. Number of applications for licences received and approved per year Number
  7. List of quotas for biological resource extraction Number  
  8. Budget and number of staff dedicated to enforcement of environmental regulations Currency, number b. Economic instruments
  9. List and description (e.g., year of establishment) of green/ environmental taxes Description, currency
  10. List and description (e.g., year of establishment) of environ­ mentally relevant subsidies Description, currency
  11. List of eco-labelling and environmental certification pro­ grammes Description
  12. Emission permits traded Number, currency Topic 6.2.3: Participation in MEAs and environ­ ment conventions a. Participation in MEAs and other global environmental conventions MEA secretariats
  13. List and description (e.g., country’s year of participation)d of MEAs and other global environmental conventions. Description, number Subcomponent 6.3: Extreme Event Preparedness and Disaster Management Topic 6.3.1: Preparedness for natural extreme events and disasters a. National natural extreme event and disaster preparedness and management systems   •• National •• Subnational •• International Emergency Management Organization (IEMO) •• UNISDR •• Hyogo Framework for Action  
  14. Existence of national disaster plans/programmes Description  
  15. Description (e.g., number of staff) of national disaster plans/programmes Description  
  16. Number and type of shelters in place or able to be deployed Description, number  
  17. Number and type of internationally certified emergency and recovery management specialists Description, number  
  18. Number of volunteers Number  
  19. Quantity of first aid, emergency supplies and equipment stockpiles Number  
  20. Existence of early warning systems for all major hazards Description  
  21. Expenditure on disaster prevention, preparedness, clean-up and rehabilitation Currency Table A.1 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics (continued)

167The Basic Set of Environment Statistics 167 Topic 6.3.2:
Preparedness for technological disasters a. National technological disaster preparedness and manage - ment systems    

  1. Existence and description (e.g., number of staff) of public disaster management plans/programmes (and private when available) Description   2. Expenditure on disaster prevention, preparedness, clean-up and rehabilitation Currency Subcomponent 6.4: Environmental Information and Awareness Topic 6.4.1: Environmental
    information a. Environmental information systems   • National • Subnational   1. Existence of publicly accessible environmental information system Description   2. Annual number of visits/users of specific environmental information programmes or environmental information systems Number b. Environment statistics   117 Description of national environment statistics programmes (e.g., existence, year of establishment, lead agency, human and financial resources) Description   3. Number and type of environment statistics products and periodicity of updates Description, number   4. Existence and number of participant institutions in intera - gency environment statistics platforms or committees Number Topic 6.4.2: Environmental education a. Environmental education   1. Allocation of resources by central and local authorities for environmental education Currency   2. Number and description of environmental education pro- grammes in schools Description, number
  2. Number of students pursuing environment-related higher education (e.g., science, management, education, engineer- ing) Number Topic 6.4.3:
    Environmental perception and awareness a. Public environmental perception and awareness   1. Knowledge and attitudes about environmental issues or concerns Description   2. Knowledge and attitudes about environmental policies Description Topic 6.4.4:
    Environmental
    engagement a. Environmental engagement   1. Existence of pro-environmental NGOs (number of NGOs and their respective human and financial resources) Currency, number   2. Number of pro-environmental activities Number   3. Number of pro-environmental programmes Number d Participation means that the country or area has become party to the agreements under the treaty or convention, which is achieved through various means, depending on the country’s circumstances, namely: accession, acceptance, approval, formal confirmation, ratification and succession. Countries or areas that have signed but not become party to the agreements under a given convention or treaty are not considered to be participating. Table A.1 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics (continued) 169 Annex B Developments since 1984 B.1. A number of relevant policy and conceptual developments have occurred since the original FDES was published in 1984. Policymaking goals in the field of the environment and sustainable development have usually been accompanied by implicit or explicit frameworks and, in some cases, indicator sets to monitor progress. They have also generally used or pro­ posed a specific conceptualization of environmental- or environmental sustainability–related phenomena. Annex B reviews the main conceptual and policy developments relevant to envi­ ronment statistics since 1984, together with the most important developments in frameworks for environmental statistics and indicators. Conceptual and policy developments and related frameworks Sustainable development B.2. The concept of sustainable development came to the forefront in 1986 when the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, led by Gro Harlem Brundt­ land, presented it as an alternative approach to economic growth that could “meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.117 This was a synergistic approach that would replace the previously held view of economic growth and the health of the environment as competing interests. The outcome document, Our Com­ mon Future,118 was a strategy paper intended to inform the formulation of global policy in a wide array of areas relating the environment to the economy within the development context. B.3. Subsequent to the work of that Commission, the United Nations Conference on Envi­ ronment and Development (UNCED), or Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992, gave rise to a fresh round of interest. It produced policy directives for the environment. Agenda 21, the Summit’s agreed programme of action for the implementation of sustainable development, called for comprehensive global action in all areas of sustainable development, in particular “improved living standards for all, better protected and managed ecosystems and a safer, more prosperous future”.119 The declarations issued by the Summit included: i. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, affirming that scientific uncertainty should not delay measures to prevent environmental degradation where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage and that States have a right to exploit their own resources but not to cause damage to the environment of other States;120 ii. The Statement of Forest Principles, calling on all countries to make an effort to “green the world” (through reforestation and forest conservation).121 B.4. Three international environmental treaties 122 also resulted directly from the Rio Sum­ mit. These “Rio Conventions” are: 117United Nations, World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future, Oxford University Press. 118 Ibid. 119 United Nations “Agenda 21”, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992, available from http:// sustainabledevelopment.un.org /content/documents/Agenda21 .pdf (accessed 4 August 2017). 120 United Nations (1992). “Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, Annex I”, available from www.un.org /documents/ga/conf151 /aconf15126-1annex1.htm (accessed 4 August 2017). 121 United Nations (1992). “Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, Annex III”, available from www.un.org /documents/ga/conf151 /aconf15126-3annex3 .htm (accessed 4 August 2017). 122 A more detailed description of the conventions and MEAs can be seen in Annex C.

Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 170 i. The UNFCCC, with the objective of stabilizing GHG concentrations in the atmos­ phere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system; ii. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which represented a dramatic step forward in the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its com­ ponents, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources; and iii. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), which is the only international legally binding instrument to effectively tackle desertification and the effects of drought. B.5. In 2002, ten years after the Rio Summit, the follow-up World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was held in Johannesburg, South Africa in August-September 2002. The Johannesburg Summit strengthened the scope of sustainable development, emphasizing the need to protect ecosystems and achieve integrated management of land, water and living resources, while building regional, national and local capacities. The outcome document of that Summit, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development 123 and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development 124, recognized that pro­ tecting and managing the natural resource base for economic and social development is one of the overarching objectives of and essential requirements for sustainable development. It also noted that healthy ecosystems and healthy environments are invaluable to ensure the ability of present and future generations to meet their own needs. As enshrined in that Declara­ tion, sustainable development encompassed three basic pillars—economic development, social development and environmental protection—at the local, national, regional and global levels. B.6. The next follow-up conference, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Devel­ opment (UNCSD), Rio+20, was held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012. The outcome document of the Conference, titled “The Future We Want” (A/CONF.216/L.1)125 addresses six areas: i) Our common vision, ii) Renewing political commitment, iii) Green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, iv) Institutional framework for sustain­ able development, v) Framework for action and follow-up and vi) Means of implementation. The agreement adopted in Rio calls for the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) to undertake a number of tasks: designate a body to operationalize the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on sustainable consumption and production; determine the modalities for the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States (SIDS); identify the for­ mat and organization of the High-Level Political Forum, which is to replace the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD); strengthen UNEP; constitute an open working group to develop global SDGs to be agreed by the UNGA; establish an intergovernmental process under the UNGA to prepare a report proposing options on an effective sustainable development financing strategy; and consider a set of recommendations from the Secretary-General for a facilitation mechanism to promote the development, transfer and dissemination of clean and environmentally sound technologies. B.7. The outcome document of the Rio+20 Conference emphasized the need to strengthen the monitoring of sustainable development by improving data collection and establishing indicators. High priority was given to the availability and quality of environment statistics to monitor environmental sustainability and green economy achievements. The documents noted the growing need to develop and combine statistics and indicators beyond GDP that are more inclusive of environmental and social aspects in order to cover the full realm of sustainable development. Comparable and regularly collected environment statistics were emphasized as critical to strengthen measurement of the environmental pillar, which would contribute to measuring beyond GDP. The FDES 2013 and the Basic Set of Environment Statistics will pro­ 123 United Nations (2002). “Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development”, Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002, available from www .un-documents.net/jburgdec .htm (accessed 4 August 2017) 124 United Nations (2002). “Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development”, Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August- 4 September 2002, available from www.un-documents.net /jburgpln.htm (accessed
4 August 2017). 125 United Nations (2012). Rio+20 outcome document, “The Future We Want”, available from https:// sustainabledevelopment.un.org /futurewewant.html (accessed 4 August 2017).

Page 39 of 50