Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) viii GHG greenhouse gas GIS geographic information system GLASOD Global Assessment of Human-induced Soil Degradation GMOs genetically modified organisms GPS Global Positioning System HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System IEA International Energy Agency IEMO International Emergency Management Organization IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development IMO International Maritime Organization IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRES International Recommendations for Energy Statistics IRWS International Recommendations for Water Statistics ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities ISRIC International Soil Reference and Information Centre ISSCAAP International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUU illegal, unreported and unregulated IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LCCS Land Cover Classification System MAR Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting MDGs Millennium Development Goals MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NGO non-governmental organization NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NSO National statistical office ODS ozone-depleting substance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PM particulate matter (also known as suspended particulate matter) POP persistent organic pollutant PSR Pressure-State-Response framework
ix List of acronyms and abbreviations ix SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SDIs sustainable development indicators SEEA System of Environmental-Economic Accounting SEEA-CF System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Central Framework SIDS Small Island Developing States SIEC Standard International Energy Product Classification SNA System of National Accounts SPM suspended particulate matter (also known as particulate matter) S-RESS Stress Response Environment Statistics System TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity TFSD OECD Task Force on Measuring Sustainable Development UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCSD United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development UNCEEA United Nations Committee of Experts on Environmental-Economic Accounting UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UN-DESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNECLAC United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNEP GEMS United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Monitoring System UNEP-WCMC United Nations Environment Programme-World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization UNFC United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFF United Nations Forum on Forests UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNSD United Nations Statistics Division UV ultraviolet WCPA World Commission on Protected Areas
Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) x WHO World Health Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization WRI World Resources Institute WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development
xi Contents Page Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v List of acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter
1 Overview of environment statistics—characteristics and challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1. Objective of environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2. Scope of environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3. Main users of environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4. Environmental information, data, statistics and indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5. Sources of environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.6. Classifications and other groupings relevant to environment statistics . . . . . . . 13 1.7. Temporal considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.8. Spatial considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.9. Geospatial information and environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.10. Institutional dimension of environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.11. The FDES 2013 and the domain of environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2 Conceptual Foundation and Structure of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.1. What is the FDES? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.2. Conceptual foundation of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3. Scope of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4. From the conceptual foundation to the FDES structure—the organization of the contents of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.5. Components and subcomponents of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.6. Relationship of the FDES with other frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.7. Main attributes of the components of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3 Components of the FDES and the Basic Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.1. Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Subcomponent 1.1: Physical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Topic 1.1.1: Atmosphere, climate and weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Topic 1.1.3: Geological and geographical information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Topic 1.1.4: Soil characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Subcomponent 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Topic 1.2.1: Land cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) xii Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Topic 1.2.3: Forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Subcomponent 1.3: Environmental Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Topic 1.3.1: Air quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Topic 1.3.2: Freshwater quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Topic 1.3.4: Soil pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Topic 1.3.5: Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.2. Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Subcomponent 2.1: Mineral Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Topic 2.1.2: Production and trade of minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Subcomponent 2.2: Energy Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Subcomponent 2.3: Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Topic 2.3.1: Land use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Topic 2.3.2: Use of forest land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Subcomponent 2.4: Soil Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Topic 2.4.1: Soil resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Subcomponent 2.5: Biological Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Topic 2.5.1: Timber resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Topic 2.5.3: Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Topic 2.5.4: Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Topic 2.5.5: Other non-cultivated biological resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Subcomponent 2.6: Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Topic 2.6.1: Water resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Topic 2.6.2: Abstraction, use and returns of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.3. Component 3: Residuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Subcomponent 3.1: Emissions to Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Topic 3.1.1: Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Topic 3.1.2: Consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) . . . . . . . . . 67 Topic 3.1.3: Emissions of other substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Subcomponent 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Topic 3.2.1: Generation and pollutant content of wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Topic 3.2.2: Collection and treatment of wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Subcomponent 3.3: Generation and Management of Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Topic 3.3.1: Generation of waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Topic 3.3.2: Management of waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Subcomponent 3.4: Release of Chemical Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Topic 3.4.1: Release of chemical substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3.4. Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Subcomponent 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Topic 4.1.1: Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters . . . . . . . . . . 75 Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Subcomponent 4.2: Technological Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Page
xiii Contents xiii Topic 4.2.1: Occurrence of technological disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Topic 4.2.2: Impact of technological disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3.5. Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Subcomponent 5.1: Human Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Topic 5.1.1: Urban and rural population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Topic 5.1.2: Access to selected basic services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Topic 5.1.4: Exposure to ambient pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Topic 5.1.5: Environmental concerns specific to urban settlements . . . . . . . 83 Subcomponent 5.2: Environmental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Topic 5.2.1: Airborne diseases and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Topic 5.2.2: Water-related diseases and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Topic 5.2.3: Vector-borne diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Topic 5.2.4: Health problems associated with excessive UV radiation exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Topic 5.2.5: Toxic substance- and nuclear radiation-related diseases and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 3.6. Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement . . . . 88 Subcomponent 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Topic 6.1.1: Government environmental protection and resource management expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Topic 6.1.2: Corporate, non-profit institution and household environmental protection and resource management expenditure . . . . . . . 90 Subcomponent 6.2: Environmental Governance and Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Topic 6.2.1: Institutional strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Topic 6.2.2: Environmental regulation and instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Topic 6.2.3: Participation in MEAs and environmental conventions . . . . . . 92 Subcomponent 6.3: Extreme Event Preparedness and Disaster Management . 92 Topic 6.3.1: Preparedness for natural extreme events and disasters . . . . . . . 93 Topic 6.3.2: Preparedness for technological disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Subcomponent 6.4: Environmental Information and Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Topic 6.4.1: Environmental information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Topic 6.4.2: Environmental education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Topic 6.4.3: Environmental perception and awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Topic 6.4.4: Environmental engagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4 From the Basic Set to the Core Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4.1. The Basic Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4.2. The Core Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 4.3. Contents of the Core Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5 Applications of the FDES to cross-cutting environmental issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5.1. Water and the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 5.2. Energy and the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.3. Climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 5.4. Agriculture and the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Annex A The Basic Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Page
Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) xiv FIGURES Figure 1.1 Example of GIS data layers or themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 2.1 The environment, the human subsystem, and interactions between them . . . . . 19 Figure 2.2 Environmental conditions and their changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 2.3 The components of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Figure 2.4 Relationship of the FDES to other frameworks, systems and indicator sets . . . 25 Figure 2.5 The FDES and the SEEA Central Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Figure 4.1 The Core Set embedded in the Basic Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . 99 Figure 5.1 Water and the environment in the FDES—topic level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Figure 5.2 Water and the environment in the Core Set and Basic Set of Environment Statistics—environment statistics level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Figure 5.3 Topics in the FDES that relate to water, according to the sequence of water use and management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Figure 5.4 Water statistics in the Core Set and Basic Set of Environment Statistics, according to the sequence of water use and management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Figure 5.4 Water statistics in the Core Set and Basic Set of Environment Statistics, according to the sequence of water use and management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Figure 5.5 Topics in the FDES that relate to the production and consumption of energy . 121 Figure 5.6 Energy production and consumption statistics in the Core Set and Basic Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Figure 5.7 Schematic framework representing anthropogenic drivers, impacts of and responses to climate change, and their linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Figure 5.8 Topics in the FDES that relate to climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Figure 5.9 Climate change statistics in the Core Set and Basic Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Figure 5.10 The relationship between agriculture and the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Figure 5.11 Topics in the FDES that relate to agriculture and the environment . . . . . . . . . 136 Figure 5.12 Agriculture and the environment, statistics in the Basic Set and Core Set of Environment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Figure D.1 Structure of the IUCN Red List Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Annex B Developments since 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Emergence of the SDGs, targets and indicators to guide the post-2015 development agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Conceptual approaches to structuring environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Annex C Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Annex D Classifications and environment statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Page
xv Contents xv TABLES Table 1.1 Types of sources of environment statistics and their main characteristics . . . . . 12 Table 2.1 Hierarchical levels of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table 2.2 Components and subcomponents of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Table 2.3 Main attributes of the components of the FDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 3.1.1.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Table 3.1.1.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 3.1.1.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Table 3.1.2.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Table 3.1.2.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Table 3.1.2.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Table 3.1.3.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Table 3.1.3.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Table 3.1.3.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Table 3.1.3.4 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Table 3.1.3.5 Statistics and related information for Topic 1.3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Table 3.2.1.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Table 3.2.1.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Table 3.2.2.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Table 3.2.2.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Table 3.2.3.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Table 3.2.3.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Table 3.2.4.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Table 3.2.5.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Table 3.2.5.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Table 3.2.5.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Table 3.2.5.4 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 3.2.5.5 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Table 3.2.6.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Table 3.2.6.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 2.6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Table 3.3.1.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Table 3.3.1.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Table 3.3.1.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Table 3.3.2.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 3.3.2.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Table 3.3.2.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Table 3.3.3.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Table 3.3.3.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 3.3.4.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 3.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 3.4.1.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 4.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Table 3.4.1.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 4.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Table 3.4.2.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 4.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Table 3.4.2.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 4.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Table 3.5.1.1 Statistics and related information for Topic 5.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Table 3.5.1.2 Statistics and related information for Topic 5.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Table 3.5.1.3 Statistics and related information for Topic 5.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Table 3.5.1.4 Statistics and related information for Topic 5.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Table 3.5.1.5 Statistics and related information for Topic 5.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Page