%CE%A4%CE%9C%202-5%20Data%20and%20metadata%20licensing.pdf

DATASUPPORT OPEN Licensing options and good practices The case of metadata – publish your metadata under a public domain licence to ensure wide distribution & reuse. Slide 24

DATASUPPORT OPEN Which licences are suited for metadata? The following licenses allow fully open reuse: • Public Domain Mark
• Creative Commons Zero Public Domain Dedication • Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and license (PDDL) The following licenses are also used but lead to “attribution stacking”, the need to keep track of a chain of attributions: • CC-BY • ODC Attribution • ISA Open Metadata licence 1.1 • Open Government licence Slide 25 Other licences (non-commercial, non-derivatives, share-alike) are less suited; they make reuse of metadata for Linked Data applications difficult because they place restrictions on how metadata can be shared, used and enhanced.

DATASUPPORT OPEN Example: Discovery Open Metadata Principles Slide 26

DATASUPPORT OPEN Good practices for licensing your metadata What you need to think about:  Metadata helps people to discover your data.  The wider your metadata is distributed, the higher your visibility is.  Others may want to add to it, enhance it, link to other resources. Good practices:  Licences for metadata should be as open as possible.  A public domain licence allows the widest reuse.  An attribution licence ensures you get credit downstream, but may cause problems if data is shared multiple times (attribution stacking).

Slide 27 DATASUPPORT OPEN A scenario for reuse of metadata A reuse scenario for metadata published under a public domain licence. Slide 28

DATASUPPORT OPEN What can reusers do with metadata in the public domain • Copy & include your metadata in search engines and brokers that refer back to the location of your data. • Correct them if the original metadata contains errors. • Enhance your metadata, for example by converting text strings to links.
 This can happen if the reuser is aware of URI sets for organisations, subjects and other things to which your metadata refers • Augment the metadata by making additional assertions about your data. By harvesting metadata back from the reusers, you may be able to increase the quality of your metadata. Slide 29 See also: http://www.slideshare.net/OpenDataSupport/pr omoting-the-reuse-of-open-data-through-odip DATASUPPORT OPEN Catalogue A Reuse scenario of metadata for datasets (1/2) Slide 30 Metadata A Dataset B Catalogue B Catalogue C Metadata B Metadata C Metadata F Metadata D+ Metadata A++ Metadata E Metadata D Metadata A+ Dataset A Dataset C Dataset E Dataset D Dataset F Catalogue A provides descriptions of Datasets A, B and C Catalogue C provides description of Dataset F and enhances description of Datasets A (as modified by Catalogue B) and D Catalogue B provides description of Datasets D and E and enhances description of Dataset A Catalogue B reuses description of Dataset A Catalogue C reuses description of Dataset A (as modified by Catalogue B) and Dataset D

DATASUPPORT OPEN Reuse scenario of metadata for datasets (2/2) Original metadata in Catalogue A

Modified metadata in Catalogue B; added local identifier “CatB-IdX”

Modified metadata in Catalogue C; added keyword “example”

Slide 31

DATASUPPORT OPEN Pros & cons of public domain licence Release of ownership: o No-one will know that you created the initial metadata. o Enables community-driven enhancement. Loss of control: o You will not know what statements are made about your data.
o Quality control will emerge from the community (cf. Wikipedia). Reliability: o A user will not know whether the metadata is accurate and up -to-date. o Network partners (chains of aggregators) will be able to track quality. Misrepresentation: o Additions and modifications may be wrong or not to your liking.
o Anyone can say anything about anything in any case; if based on your original metadata there is a higher chance the metadata is correct.
Slide 32

DATASUPPORT OPEN Case study: Europeana How Europeana overcame data and metadata licensing challenges. Slide 33

DATASUPPORT OPEN Europeana – original approach In 2009, Provider and Aggregator Agreements were signed. These included the restriction that metadata could only be used for non- commercial purposes.

However, this made it impossible for metadata to be: • Published as Linked Open Data. • Used on sites that include advertisements. • Shared with Wikipedia (which does not allow such restriction). • Used by commercial companies, e.g. for listing in search engines. • Used by commercial apps.

Slide 34 DATASUPPORT OPEN Perceived risks of providing open metadata? (1/2) 1. Loss of quality: the high-quality metadata provided will be divorced from the original trusted source and corrupted by third parties. 2. Loss of control: institutions will no longer be able to control the metadata if anyone can reuse or distribute it. 3. Loss of unity: metadata will get scattered across the digital universe while it should be (contextually) kept together. 4. Loss of brand value: by releasing data openly the institution risks being associated with reusers that they do not want to be associated with. 5. Loss of attribution: by releasing data under an open licence institutions will not be credited as the source/owner of the metadata. Slide 35

DATASUPPORT OPEN Perceived risks of providing open metadata? (2/2) 6. Loss of income: institutions are afraid that they cannot replace current revenues from metadata with other sources of income. 7. Loss of potential income: in the future, institutions may think of a way to make money from metadata, but if they release it openly now someone else may do this. 8. Unwanted spill-over effects: institutions find it unfair that others make money with the metadata that they provide. 9. Losing customers: if data is openly available customers will go elsewhere to get the information they are looking for. 10. Privacy: there are privacy restrictions on the use of certain data.

Slide 36

DATASUPPORT OPEN Identified benefits of open metadata (1/2)

1. Increasing relevance: open metadata can be used in places where online users congregate (including social networks). This helps providers to maintain their relevance in today’s digital society.
2. Increasing channels to end users: providers releasing data as open metadata increase the opportunities that users see their data and their content.
3. Data enrichment: open metadata can be enriched by Europeana and other parties and can then be returned to the data provider. Opening the metadata will increase the possibility of linking that data and the heritage content it represents with other related sources/collections.
4. Brand value (prestige, authenticity, innovation): releasing data openly demonstrates that the provider is working in the innovation vanguard and is actively stimulating digital research.
5. Specific funding opportunities: releasing metadata openly will potentially grant providers access to national and/or European funding (European and most national governments are actively promoting open metadata). Slide 37

DATASUPPORT OPEN Identified benefits of open metadata (2/2) 6. Discoverability: increased use and visibility of data drives traffic to the provider’s website. 7. New customers: releasing data openly offers new ways to interact with and relate to customers. 8. Public mission: releasing metadata openly aligns the provider with the strategic public mission of allowing the widest possible access to cultural heritage. 9. Building expertise: releasing metadata openly will strengthen the institution’s expertise in this area, which will become a marketable commodity such as consulting services. 10. Desired spill-over effects: institutions and creative industries will be able to create new businesses, which in turn will strengthen the knowledge economy. Slide 38

DATASUPPORT OPEN Europeana Licensing Framework Four layers:

1. Physical objects: ownership or public domain as appropriate.
2. Digital objects representing the physical objects: rights statement to be either Public Domain, or a Creative Commons licence or Rights Reserved (free, paid, or restricted access).
3. Previews (e.g. thumbnails): Europeana has right to use but not to distribute unless licence allows this.
4. Descriptive metadata: to be provided under CC Zero Public Domain Dedication, so reuse is unrestricted; in addition, provider should make best effort to correctly state intellectual property rights of digital objects. Slide 39

DATASUPPORT OPEN Conclusions • Data and metadata should be provided with an explicit licence so that reusers know what to do with the metadata and data and allow for maximum interoperability.  Metadata should be made as open as possible, ideally CC Zero or Public Domain Dedication to allow for network effects.  Data should be released under a licence that enables appropriate protection (but not more than necessary).

and don’t forget... • If no explicit licence is provided, a user does not know what (if anything) can be done with the data. • No reuse = no social and economic value.

Slide 40 DATASUPPORT OPEN Group questions Do you have in your country a licence for open data and/or metadata? If not, which should, in your opinion, be the preferred approach?

What are/were the greatest barriers to publishing your data under an open licence? Slide 41 http://www.visualpharm.com http://www.visualpharm.com Take also the online test here!

DATASUPPORT OPEN Thank you! ...and now YOUR questions? Slide 42

DATASUPPORT OPEN References Slide 9: • The Open Knowledge Foundation. Open Definition. http://opendefinition.org/
• The Open Knowledge Foundation. Open Data - An Introduction. http://okfn.org/opendata/
Slide 10: • LOD Around The Clock (LATC). 5 ★ Open Data. http://5stardata.info/
Slide 12: • Directive 2013/37/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/98/EC on the reuse of public sector information. http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:175:0001:0008:EN:PDF
• European Commission. Revision of the PSI Directive.
http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/psi/revision_directive/index_en. htm
Slide 18: • Creative Commons. About the licenses. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
Slide 21: • (UK) National Archives. Government license for public sector information. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/2/

Slide 23: • Marc de Vries. Open Data and Liability. EPSIplatform Topic Report No. 2012/13. http://epsiplatform.eu/sites/default/files/Final%20TR%20Open%20Data%20an d%20Liability.pdf
Slide 26: • Discovery. Discovery Open Metadata Principles. http://discovery.ac.uk/businesscase/principles/ Slide 33-38: • Europeana. The Problem of the Yellow Milkmaid: A Business Model Perspective on Open Metadata. White Paper No.2. November 2011. http://pro.europeana.eu/documents/858566/2cbf1f78-e036-4088-af25- 94684ff90dc5 • Jill Cousins. Europeana. Data Exchange Agreements. May 2011. http://bit.ly/14Hwe5D Slide 39: • The Europeana Licensing Framework. http://pro.europeana.eu/documents/858566/7f14c82a-f76c-4f4f-b8a7- 600d2168a73d

Slide 43

DATASUPPORT OPEN Further reading N. Korn and C. Oppenheim. Licensing Open Data: A Practical Guide. http://discovery.ac.uk/businesscase/principles/

Europeana. The Problem of the Yellow Milkmaid: A Business Model Perspective on Open Metadata. White Paper No.2. November 2011. http://pro.europeana.eu/documents/858566/2cbf1f78-e036-4088- af25-94684ff90dc5

Slide 44

DATASUPPORT OPEN Related projects and initiatives Revision of the PSI Directive, http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/psi/revision_directive/index _en.htm
Europeana Licensing Framework, http://pro.europeana.eu/documents/858566/7f14c82a-f76c-4f4f-b8a7- 600d2168a73d
Creative Commons Licenses, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
Open Data Commons – Licenses, http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/ The European Thematic Network on Legal Aspects of Public Sector Information, http://www.lapsi-project.eu/ EC ISA Programme, ISA Open Metadata licence v1.1. https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/category/license/isa-open-metadata-license-v11

Slide 45

DATASUPPORT OPEN Be part of our team... Slide 46 Find us on Contact us Join us on Follow us Open Data Support http://www.slideshare.net/OpenDataSupport http://www.opendatasupport.eu
Open Data Support http://goo.gl/y9ZZI @OpenDataSupport [email protected]