The Insect World: Being a Popular Account of the Orders of Insects
The ChrysomelidcB are other phytophagous insects, dressed in th* brightest colours, having short and thickset bodies. The larvae, soft and ovoid, devour the leaves of trees. One of the best known species is Lina populi, of a bronzed colour, with red elytra, whose
Fier. 562. — Larva of Cerambyx heros.
^
Fig. 565. — • Lady-bird {Coccinella septempunctata).
Fig- 563.— Larva of Fig. 564.— Larva and imago of Fig. 566.— Larva of the Lina populi. Crioceris merdigera. Lady-bird.
larva (Fig. 563), of a greenish grey, devours the leaves of the poplar-tree. The Gakruc£B and the Alticcc belong to the same family, as also do the Cassidce, the Crioceres, and the Donacice. The Cassida viridis frequents netdes and artichokes; the elytra are of rounded form. Fig. 564 represents the Crioceris merdigera^ a great rarity in
England. The Crioceris asparagt\ or Asparagus Beetle, tawny, and barred with black, resembles it in habit.
The last tribe of Coleoptera comprises the Coccinellidce^ or Lady-birds (Fig. 565). These little globular, smooth insects, red or yellow, with black spots, are very useful to us, for they clear the trees of the aphides and other mischievous insects. Their larvae (Fig. 566) make use of their front legs to carry their prey to their mouths. When danger threatens a Coccinella., it hides its feet under its body, and remains sticking to the stem of the bush. If you touch it, it allows itself to fall to the ground, but sometimes opens its elytra, and flies off rapidly. It also exudes from the articulations of its abdomen a yellow mucilaginous liquid, of a pungent and disagreeable odour. This is the only means of defence possessed by this little inoffensive being, which deserves in all respects the name of *' Bete k bon Dieu," which the French children give it.
74*
INDEX.
⁂ ITALICS ARE WOODCUT ILLUSTRATIONS.
Abdomen, The, 1, 167.
Abdominal Cavity, contraction and dilation of, 16.
Abraxas grossulariata, 268.
Acalyptera, 70, 85.
Acanthia ciliata, 94.
„ lectularia, 92.
Acanthops, 291.
Acherontia Atropos, 203, 204.
Acilius fasciatus, 480.
„ „ Male and Female, 480.
„ sulcatus, 480.
„ „ Male and Female, 480.
Acridium, 300.
„ migratorium, 301.
Acrocinus longimanus, Thorax of, 6.
Acronycta aceris, Larva of, 152.
„ Larvæ of, 152, 153 (three figs.).
Ædia pusiella, 269.
„ pusiella, 269.
Ædipoda migratorium, 301.
Africa, Insects of the Desert of, 291.
Agrion, 423.
Agriotes, Larvæ of the Genus, 512.
Ailanthus Silkworm, 245.
Alimentary Canal of Insects, 8, et seq.
Alticæ, 520.
Alucita granella, The, 279.
Amphidasis betularia, 268.
Andrena, Gallery of an, 367.
„ The, 367.
Anomala, 456.
„ Vitis, 456.
Anostostomæ, The, 300.
Ant, 313, 377.
„ Male, Female, and Worker, 382.
„ Ashy-black, 382.
„ „ Male, Female, and Worker, 382.
„ Black, 382.
„ Blood-red, 382, 393.
„ Blood-red, 390.
„ Brazilian Umbrella, 378.
„ Brown, 382.
Ant, Hill, section of, 381.
„ Jet, 382.
„ Mason, 382.
„ Mining, 382, 392.
„ „ Male, Female, and Worker, 392.
„ Nest, sections of, 379.
„ Red, 380, 382, 383, 390.
„ „ Larva of, 383.
„ „ Male, magnified, 378.
„ „ Pupa of, 383.
„ „ Pupa of, 383.
„ Russet, 382, 390.
„ Russet, 390.
„ Turf, 382.
„ Yellow, 382.
„ White, see Termes.
„ „ Nests of, 403, 410.
Antennæ, 5; Function of, 5.
Antennæ, 169.
Anthia, 489.
„ thoracica, 491.
Anthocharis cardamines, 177, 178.
„ cardamines, 177.
Anthocopas, The, 367.
„ papaveris, 367.
Anthomyia, 84.
„ pluvialis, 84.
„ pluvialis, 84.
Anthomyidæ, 70, 84.
Anthophora parietina, 364.
„ parietina, 363.
Anthophoras, The, 364.
Anthrax, 51.
„ sinuata, 52.
Anthrenus museorum, 475.
Antithesia salicana, 269, 271.
„ salicana, 271.
Ant-lion, 402, 425.
Ant-lion, 424.
„ Funnel of, 425.
„ Larva, Cocoon, and Pupa of, 425.
Apatura Ilia, 190.
„ Ilia, 190.
„ Iris, 190.
Aphidæ, The, 101.
Aphides and Ants, 128, 389.
„ and Ant, 128.
„ Ant Milking, 389.
„ Winged, 117.
„ Wingless, 117.
Aphis, Charles Bonnet on the, 120; of the Apple, 118; of the Oak, 121; of the Plantain, 120.
Aphrophora, The, 112.
„ Larva of the, 113.
„ spumaria, 114.
Apiariæ, The, 314.
Apis fasciata, 356.
„ mellifica, 356.
„ Peronii, 356.
Aptera, Probable Dismemberment of the Order, 27.
Argyrolepia æneana, 269, 271.
„ æneana, 271.
Articulate Animals, egg state common to, 20.
Ascalaphus, 427; Larva of, 427.
„ Larva of, 427.
„ meridionalis, 427.
„ meridionalis, 427.
Asida, Antennæ of a Species of, 5.
Asilidæ, 49.
Asilus crabroniformis, 50.
„ crabroniformis, 50.
Ateuchus, 458.
„ Egyptiorum, 460.
„ sacer, 460.
Attacus, the genus, 210, 241; of the Ailanthus, 245; of the Castor-oil, 247.
„ Atlas, 249, 250.
„ Atlas, 250.
„ Cynthia, 245.
„ Cynthia, Eggs, Larvæ, and Cocoons of, 246.
„ Mylitta, 241, 243.
„ Mylitta, 244.
„ „ Cocoon of, 245.
„ Pernyi, 241, 243.
„ Pernyi, 244.
„ „ Cocoon of, 243.
„ ricini, 247.
„ yama-mai, 241.
„ yama-mai, 242.
„ „ Cacoon of, 242.
„ „ Larva of, 241.
Attagenus pellio, 475.
„ pellio, 475.
Bee, 313; Cells constructed by, 324; Bellows used to Stupefy, 355.
„ Bellows used to Stupefy, 355.
„ Cells constructed by, 325.
„ Banded, 356.
„ Carding, 358.
„ Carpenter, 364.
„ Cluster of, hanging to a branch, 323, 337.
„ Larva of, 331.
„ Leg of a, 318.
„ seen through a Magnifying Glass, 322.
„ taking a Swarm of, 350.
„ Trunk of, 318.
„ Common, 317, 356.
„ Humble, 313, 357; Male, 358.
„ Larva of, 331.
„ Leaf-cutting, 367.
„ Ligurian, 356.
„ Male, 319.
„ Mason, 366.
„ Mining, 367.
„ Moss, 360.
„ Queen, 319.
„ Solitary, 362.
„ Upholsterer, 367.
„ Wood-piercer, 364.
„ Worker, 317.
Beetle, Asparagus, 521.
„ Bacon, 475.
„ Bacon, 475.
„ Bee, 441.
„ Burying, interring the body of a rat, 471.
„ Cock, Dumbledor, Shard-born, 458.
„ Rose, 436.
„ Stag, 461.
„ Tiger, 494.
„ Water, 477.
„ Whirligig, 478.
Bittacus tipularis, 429.
„ tipularis, 429.
Blaps, 497.
„ obtusa, 498.
„ obtusa, 499.
„ sulcata, 498.
Blatta, 285.
„ Germanica, 286.
„ Laponica, 286.
„ Orientalis, 287.
Blepharis, 291.
Blepharis mendica, 291.
„ mendica, and its Larva, 290.
Blue-bottle Fly, magnified, 79.
„ Retractile Proboscis of, 80.
Boatman, The, 97.
Bocydium globulare, 115.
Bombus muscorum, 358.
Bombycidæ, 249.
Bombycina, 209.
Bombylidæ, 49.
Bombylius major, 51.
„ major, 50.
Bombyx, 210; Caterpillar of, 220; of the Ailanthus, 245; of the Castor-oil, 247.
„ Atlas, 249.
„ Cynthia, 245.
„ mori, 210, 220; Apparatus for Stifling the Chrysalides of, 236; Cocoon of, 237, 238; Larva, Pupa, and Moth of, 236.
„ mori, Cocoon of, 235.
„ „ Larva, Pupa, Cocoon, and Moth of, 236.
„ „ Spherical Cocoon of, 235.
„ neustria, 249.
„ Pernyi, 241.
„ processionea, 249.
„ ricini, 247.
„ yama-maï, 241.
Boreus hiemalis, 429, 430.
„ hiemalis, 429.
Bostrichus, 518.
„ capucinus, 397.
Bot-fly, The, 54, 60.
Bot-fly, 60.
„ Bumps produced on Cattle by Larvæ of, 64.
„ Herd of Cattle Attacked by, 61.
„ Imago of, emerging, 65.
„ Ovipositor of the, 65.
Brachycera, meaning of the word, 47.
Brachycola robusta, 288.
Breeze-fly of the Sheep, 66.
Bruchus, 517.
„ pisi, 517.
„ rufimanus, 517.
Bug, 91; Egg of, 93; Means of Destroying, 94; Moquin-Tandon on, 93.
Bug, Bed, 92.
„ Bed, 93.
„ Egg of, 93.
„ Fly, 94.
„ Needle, 97.
„ Red Cabbage, 91.
„ Red Garden, 92.
„ Water, 90, 97.
„ Wood, 91.
Buprestidæ, 514.
Buprestis, 514.
„ albosparsa, 515.
„ imperialis, 515.
„ imperialis, 514.
Burnet Moth, 193.
„ Six-spot, 193.
Butalis, 279.
Butterflies, Copper, 179.
„ Different Forms of the Scales of, 165.
„ Hair-streak, 178.
Butterfly, Definition of, 165; Eyes of, 168; Flight of, 167; Scales of, 165.
„ Black Hair-streak, 178.
„ Black-veined White, 175.
„ Blue Argus, 181.
„ Brimstone, 178.
„ Brown Argus, 182.
„ Brown Hair-streak, 178.
„ Cabbage, 149, 176.
„ Clouded Yellow, 178.
„ Comma, 187.
„ Green Hair-streak, 179.
„ Green-veined White, 177.
„ Large Tortoise-shell, 182, 183.
„ Leg of, armed with hooks, 167.
„ Leg not suitable for Walking, 167.
„ Meadow Brown, 192.
„ Orange-tip, 177.
„ Painted Lady, 187.
„ Peacock, 182.
„ Purple Emperor, 190.
„ Purple Hair-streak, 179.
„ Red Admiral, 186.
„ Scarce Swallow-tailed, 174.
„ Small Tortoise-shell, 182.
„ Small White, 177.
„ Swallow-tailed, 172.
„ White Admiral, 189.
Butterfly's Trunk, Section of, 170.
Cabbage Butterfly, Caterpillars of the, 150.
Caddis Flies, 402, 430, 431.
Calandra granaria, 517.
Calepteryx, 423.
Callidium, 397.
„ sanguineum, 397.
Calliphora, 77.
„ vomitoria, 77; Réaumur on, 77.
Calosoma, 487.
„ auropunctata, 486.
„ auropunctata, 486.
„ „ Pupa and Larva of, 486.
„ inquisitor, 489.
„ sycophanta, 487.
„ sycophanta pursuing a Bombardier Beetle, 487.
Camberwell Beauty, 185.
Campylocnemis, 489.
„ Schrœteri, 489.
„ Schrœteri, 491.
Canary-shouldered Thorn, Caterpillar of, 142.
Canary-shouldered Thorn, Caterpillar of, 142.
Cantharadine, 500.
Cantharides, 498.
„ Gathering, 501.
Cantharis, 498.
„ vesicatoria, 499.
Capricorn, Great, 519.
Carabus Adonis, 487.
„ Adonis, 485.
„ auratus, 484; Nervous System of, 18.
„ auratus, 485.
„ „ Digestive Apparatus of, 9.
„ „ Nervous System of, 19.
„ „ Secretory Apparatus of, 11.
„ auronitens, Larva of, 487.
„ auronitens, Larva of, 486.
„ canaliculatus, 485.
„ nodulosus, 486.
„ rutilans, 487.
„ smaragdinus, 487.
„ splendens, 487.
„ Vietinghovii, 487.
Carabus violaceus, 486.
„ violaceus, 485.
Carpenter Bee, Pupæ, Eggs, Galleries, and Nests, 363.
Cassida, 520.
„ viridis, 520.
Castor-oil Plant, Silkworm of the, 247.
Caterpillar, food of, 143; Description of, ib.; Scaly Legs of the Gipsy Moth, 139; Looper, 141, 265.
„ Membranous Legs of a Large, 140.
Catocala, 151.
„ Americana, The, 260, 262.
„ Americana, 262.
„ fraxini, 260, 262; Larvæ of, 152.
„ fraxini, 262.
„ „ Larvæ of, 152.
„ nupta, 261.
„ nupta, 263.
„ paranympha, 260.
„ paranympha, 263.
Cebrionides, 512.
Cecidomyia, 43, note.
Centrotus cornutus, 116.
„ cornutus, 115.
Cephalemyia ovis, 66.
„ ovis, 66.
„ „ Sheep attacked by, 67.
Cerambyx, 519.
„ heros, 519.
„ „ Imago and Pupa of, 519.
„ „ Larva of, 520.
Cetonia argentea, 440.
„ aurata, 437.
„ aurata, 437.
„ hirtella, 439.
„ splendidula, 438.
„ stictica, 439.
Cetoniadæ, 437.
Ceutorhynchus brassicæ, 517.
Chærocampa Elpenor, 196, 200.
„ nerii, 196.
Chafers, 436.
Chalcididæ, The, 288; Larvæ of, 314.
Chalicodoma, 366; Nests of, 367.
Charaxes Jasius, 190, 191.
„ Jasius, 191.
„ „ Larva of, 191.
Chartergus lecheguana, 376.
Chartergus nidulans, 376.
Chelonia caja, 153; Larva of, 153.
„ „ Larva of, 153.
„ „ forming its Cocoon, 154.
Chermes variegatus, 129.
Chiasognathus Grantii, 466.
„ Grantii, 469.
Chigo, The, 30; Eggs not Hatched in the Wound made by, 30.
Chimatobia brumata, 267, 268.
„ „ Male and Female, 268.
Chionobas aello, 191, 192.
„ aello, 192.
Chlorion compressum, 288.
Choreutes dolosana, 269, 271.
„ dolosana, 271.
Chrysalis, 19, 146; meaning of the word, 160, note.
Chrysides, The, 314.
Chrysochroa, the genus, 515.
Chrysomelidæ, 520.
Chrysops cæcutiens, 48.
„ cæcutiens, 49.
Chylific Ventricle, 9; its Appendages, 9.
„ Ventricle, Posterior Extremity of, 10.
Cicada, 101.
„ (male), 103.
„ Ash, 108.
„ Larva of, 107.
„ (female) laying her eggs, 106.
„ (male) Musical Apparatus of, 105.
„ orni, 109.
„ plebeia, 108.
„ Pupa of, 107.
Cicadæ, 101.
Cicindela campestris, 494.
„ campestris, Larva of, 495.
„ „ Ambush of Larvæ of, 495.
„ capensis, 494.
„ capensis, 495.
„ Dumoulinii, 494.
„ Dumoulinii, 494.
„ heros, 494.
„ heros, 495.
„ hybrida, 494.
„ maritima, 494.
„ Pupa of, 496.
„ quadrilineata, 494.
Cicindela quadrilineata, 495.
„ rugosa, 494.
„ rugosa, 494.
„ scalaris, 494.
„ scalaris, 494.
„ sylvatica, 494.
Cicindelidæ, 484, 491.
Cimex lectularius, 92.
Circulation in Insects, 12, et seq.; Incomplete, 25.
Claviger, 473.
„ foveolatus, 473.
„ foveolatus, 474.
Cleptes, 314.
Cleridæ, 515.
Clerus formicarius, 515.
Cloëon, 419.
„ diptera, 419.
„ diptera, 420.
Coccinella septempunctata, 520.
Coccinellidæ, 521.
Coccus, 129.
„ cacti, 129.
„ ilicis, 136.
„ lacca, 136.
„ manniparus, 137.
„ polonicus, 136.
„ sinensis, 139.
Cochineal, 129.
„ Insects (male and female), 130.
„ „ Branch of Cactus with, 134.
„ „ Gathering in Algeria, 132.
„ oak-tree, 129.
Cochleoctonus, 510.
„ vorax, 510.
Cochylis francilana, 269, 271.
„ francilana, 271.
Cockchafer, 445, 446; Larva of, 452; Pupa of, 452.
Cockchafer, 447.
„ Diligence surrounded by, 450.
„ Larva of, 452.
„ Pupa of, 452.
Cockroach, 284, 285, 286.
„ The, 287.
Cocoon, after Réaumur, 152.
Cocoons, Sheets of Paper prepared for Moths with rows of, 238 (two figs.).
„ Apparatus for Stifling the Chrysalides in, 237.
Colias edusa, 176, 178.
Colymbetes cinereus, 481.
„ cinereus, 481.
„ notatus, 481.
„ notatus, 481.
„ striatus, 481.
„ striatus, 481.
Comma Butterfly, 187.
Conops, 54, 59.
Conops, 69.
„ rufipes, The, 69.
Convolvulus Sphinx, The, 204.
Copiphora, 300.
Copris, 458.
„ lunaris, 458.
Corixa, 98.
„ femorata, 99.
„ mercenaria, 99.
„ striata, 98.
„ striata, 98.
Cornea, a compound, 2.
Corydia, the species of, 288.
Cossus, the genus, 257.
„ ligniperda, 257.
Crachat de Coucou, 112.
Creophili, The, 70.
Cricket, The, 284, 293.
„ Field, 293.
„ House, 294.
„ Mole, 296.
Crioceris, 520.
„ asparagi, 521.
„ merdigera, 520.
„ merdigera, Larva and Imago of, 520.
Crop, The, 8.