The Naturalist in Nicaragua
7 1
Eagle, monkey-eating, 1 1 Floating plants, 44 Easter Island, 269 Florida, 55 Eciton hamata, 20 Florisuga melllvora, in predator, 17 Flour-mill, 296 Ecitons, 17, 22 Flowers, 279 Egrets, 44 fertilised by birds, 130 white, 44 insects, 70 Elam, Jacob, 375 Fly-catchers, 123, 158, 291, 313 Elaps, 320 Foraging ants, 17, 198 Elateriche, 379 Forbes, Mr. David, on auriferous Elephantiasis, 160 quartz veins, 96 Elizabeth steamer, 388 Forest of the Atlantic slope, 57, Elote, 54 185 Elvan dykes, 96 Forest region, limit of the, 185Emigration in Nicaragua, 386, —— effect 3S7 of cultivation on the, 186 Endives, 70 Forest vegetation, 58 Epidemic amongst insects, iSl Formicarium, 72 amongst wasps in Great Foxglove, fertilisation of, 13
Britain, 181 Franklin on whirlwind in Mary- Eipphytes, 6, 57, 183 land, 302 Eriosoma, 229 Fresh-water animals, 331 Erythrina, 130, 345 plants, 331 Esquipula, 52 Frogs, 321 Essequibo, carved rocks of, 53 on Peiia Blanca, 143 Estelj', 249 Eumomota superciliaris, 158 Erander nobilis (Bates), 317 Extinction of intermediate va- Gage, Thomas, on the Indians' rieties that connected extreme respect for their priest, 282 forms, 182 Garrapatos, 210 Glacial beds, 248, 260 period, 264 scratches, 260 Fairbairn, Mr., 154 Glaciers, 263 Earina, 55 Glands on plants, 219 Fauna of the Malay Archipelago, Gneiss, 258, 277 268 Goascoran valley, 378 Felspar, 97 Gold, 88 Ferns, 6, 57, 238 bars, 93 Fertilisation of flowers by birds, distribution of, in quartz 130 veins, 91 foxglove, 131 concentration of, near the • marcgravia, 130 surface, 89 palosabre, 130 mining, 86 Festa, 49 Gosse, P., on grassquit of Ja- Festivals, 278, 287 maica, 291 Fig-trees, 66, 69 Gourd-shaped pottery, 47 Fireflies, 103, 317 Gracias a Dios, Cape, 3 Fissure veins, 87 Granada, 341, 345 Flight of birds that soar, 200 courts of law at, 345
396
INDEX.
Granitic intrusive rocks, 96
Grass, Para, 308
— Guinea, 308
Grasshoppers, 18
Grassquit, 291
Graves of chiefs, 169
— Indian, 154
Green, Dr., 4
Greenstone, 86, 96
Gregarious birds, 123
Grenadillos, 66, 69
Greytown, 1, 4, 13
— trade of, 4
— salubrity of, due to its flatness, 5
Grouse, 122
Guatuse, the, 38
Guatuses, Indians, 38
Guava jelly, 6
Guayava, 156
— trees, 6
Guiana, British, food of the people of, 55
Guinea grass, 141, 308
Gummiferæ, 218
Guzman, Señor Fernando, 346
Gyrinidæ, 299, 331
Gyrinus, 331
HALF-BREEDS, 63
Harlequin beetle, 34
Hart, Prof., on glacial drift in South America, 265; on the elevation of Brazil in the glacial period, 267
Hawk, crab-eating, 161
Hawks, 128, 257, 340
Hayti, 55
Heavy rains, 104
Heer, Prof., on the Miocene Flora, 265
Heliconiæ, 13, 15, 58
Heliconidæ, 7, 384
Heliconii, the, 266, 316
Heliomaster pallidiceps, 112, 130
Heliothrix barroti, 113
Helix, 333
Hemiptera, 315
Herrania purpurea, 116
Hesperidæ, 108
Hewitson, W. C., 479
Hickory, 46
Hides, 4, 342
Hollenbeck, Mr., 4, 9, 43, 374, 380, 388
Homoptera, 226
Honduras, Gulf of, 378
Honey glands, 219
Hornet, 319
Horse-flies, 313
Horses, 48
Hot winds of Australia, 305
Huaco, 202
Huexlotl, 205
Humble bee, 70, 131
Humboldt on hairless dogs, 205
— on origin of the Mexican and Eastern Asiatics, 370–373
— on origin of whirlwinds, 301
Humming-birds, 58, 159, 315
— abundance of, 139
— nests of, 140
— rapidity of flight, 140
— bathing, 137
— fertilising flowers, 131
— tongue of, 113
Humuya valley, 378
Hydrophilidæ, 331
Hydrophilus, 331
Hymenoptera, 27, 28
Hypoclinea, sp., 20, 181, 227
“IBIS,” the, 377
Ice, influence of, in volcanic eruptions, 356
Icteridæ, 290
Icterus pectoralis (Wagl.), 328
Igneous injections, 97
Iguana, the, 338, 339
India-rubber, 4, 32–34, 39, 328, 342
Indian antiquities, 50, 165
— carving, 217
— children, 38
— cooking vessels, 293
Indian graves, 154, 166, 169, 170
houses, 40
—— love of flowers, 279
names of towns, 293
Indians, brown, 364
red, 365
—— origin of the, 363
—— wholesale baptism of, by
Spanish conquerors, 167
Indigo, 4, 297, 328, 342
Indolence of natives, 298
Insect life at night, 174
—— traps, 183
Insectivorous birds, 7
Insects, instinet of, 313
—— mimetic, 315, 381
Instinct of ants, 26
—— —— butterflies, 109
cockroaches, 10)
Interoceanic canal, 36
Ixodes bovis, 209
JACANAS, 3, 158
Jaguar, 30, 144, 174, 286
Jamaily, 251
Janson, Mr., 380
Jatropha manihot, 70
Javali lode, 89
mine, 60
river, 106
Jicara, 46, 156
Jinotega, 204, 240, 293
José, San, 15, 45
—— — plains, 374
Juan, San, river, 1, 15, 35
bar of, 2; del Norte, 1
Juigalpa river, 150, 156, 157, 163,
176
KIDNEY-BEANS, 73
Kingfishers, 158
Kingsley, Canon, acconnt of volcanic eruption of St. Vincent,
350-355 3 on the dry land connecting the islands of the West
Indies, 267
Kotzebue’s voyage round the world,
372
Lacannones of Guatemala, 155
Lagoon, 5
Lamellicorns, 379
Lampyride, 317
Land-shells of the West Indies,
268
Landslips, 86, 95
Las Lajas, 60
Lasso, 189
Laurentian rock, 259
Laziness of natives, 245
Lead, 89
Leaf-cutting ant, the, 127, 219,225
destructiveness of, 73 ; method of eradicating, 77 ; growers of mushrooms,
79; nests of, 80, 81; food of
$1; duties, &c., 82; reasoning
powers, 83
Leaf-hoppers, 226
ants attending, 227
wasps attending, 228
Leaf-insect, 8, 381
Legrand d’Aussy, 367
Lenca Indians, 155
Leo Amontli, 357
Leptalides, 385
Lettuces, 70
Leucopternus ghiesbreghti, 340
Lianas, 6, 33, 57
Libertad, 150
mines, 95, 150
Lime, 74
—— trees, 65
stone, 310
Lizards, 12, 312
tree, 339, 340
Locust, 19
Lodes, 86; Consuelo, 89; San
Benito, $9 ; San Antonio, 89 ;
Javali, 89
Lodes, deterioration in depth of,
90 ; direction of, 86; dip of, 86
Logwood, 4
Longicorn beetles, 7, 69, 104, 127,
159, 173, 180, 379, 350
Lorenzo, San, 323
Los Cocos, 330
Louisiana, 55
Lowering of the level of the sea
in the glacial period, 266
INDEX.
LymnEea, 333 Mexico, maize in, 55 Lymnaeacea, 333 food of people of, 55 Miasma, 6 Miau-tsze, 367, 369 Macaws, 196 Mice, 23 Maceio, subject to fevers, 5 Michel, 367 Machuca, 31 Mico river, 52, 150, 151, 18S Macklcania, 142 Microchera 2Mrvirostris, 1 38 M'Crae, Colonel, 32 Microscopical cavities in rocks, 97 Madeira peaks, 147 Migrations of butterflies, 152 Mahogany, 34, 328 Miguel, San, volcano, 350 Maize, 53-56, 328, 386 Miguelito, San, 177 ; explanation cultivation of, 53 Mimetic forms, 8, 314 eaters, 54, 55 of, 383 stone grinders, 55 insects, 315, 381 food of the people of north- Mineral veins, 96; formation of, 99 east Brazil, 55; of Mexico, 55; Mineralogical specimens, 99 of British Guiana, 55; of western Miners, Indian, 63 side of tropical America, 55; of Mines, 86, 89; Javali, 60; Santo the Caribs, 55 Domingo, 86; Libertad, 95; El Malacatoyo river, 314 Coquimba, 258 Malayan dialects, 269 Miocene Flora, 265 Mallocera sjnnocollis ( Bates ), Mirage, 300 315. n- Mocoim, the, 209 Mammalia, 28 MoUusks, marine and freshvt^ater, Mandioca, 55 335; land and freshwater, Mango trees, 4, 66 332-337 Mangos, 161 Melania, genus of, 336 Manihot aipim, 55 of the isthmus of Darien, 264 Mantos, origin of, 95 Mombacho, volcano of, 345 Marcgravia nepentJioides, 128, 129 Momotus lessoni, 123 Marcgravia fertilised by birds, 130 martii, 123 pitchers of, 130 Monkeys, 35; sagacity of, 119; Masaya, 330, 346; lake of, 346, speech of, 120 347, 355; volcano of, 347, 355; white-faced, 118-120, 316, strata at, 348; origin of strata 341 at, 349 Monedula Surinamensis (Fabr.), Masaya Indians, marriage custom 313 of, 36 Montezuma, 47 Matagalpa, 203, 217, 231 Morddlida;, 318 Maury, Prof. T. B., ou origin of More, Sir Thomas, account of cyclones, 301 Utopia, 29 Mayas, 156 MorpJios, 7 of Yucatan, 363 Morpen, Dr., 70 Melastomse, 13, 58, 222 Mosas, 63 Melzer, 60 Mosquitoes, 14, 32, 103, 374, 375 Mcrahracis, 226 Moss insect, 382 Mercury, 93, 94 Moths, 104, 174 Mestayer, M., 341 migatory, 153 Mestizos, 92, 202 Mot-mots, 16, 22, 122, 123, 158, Metlate, 56, 293 199
;
Mot-mots, tails of, 124 OCALCA, 216 Mountain hens, 121 Ocelots, 174 Mules, 48 Ocon, Sehor Trinidad, 328 bitten by spiders, 323 Ocotal, 255 sagacity of, 1S9; thieves, (Ecodonia, 71-84 256 Olaraa, 203 Murderers, punishment of in Ni- "Old man's beard," 238 caragua, 275 Omotepec, 43; island of, 362 Muscovy ducks, 203 peaks, 147 Muy-muy, 214 Onions, 70 Mycetes palliatus, 35 Oniscus, 115 Mygale, 323 Opossums, 23, 174 Myriapods, 140 Orange tree, 4, 65, 68 Orchids, 6; on Peha Blanca, 142 Ore, extraction of, 92; reduction of, 93; testing of, 89 Nahuatls, 44, 155, 364, 365, 370, Orinoco, carved rocks of, 53 371, 373 Ornithorhynchos, 142 Names of natural features of a Oropendula, 290 country important in an inquiry Orthoptcra, 381 as to the oi-iginal inhabitants, Owls, 174 106; of places corrupted, 107 Nancito, 6, 156 Nandasme, 358 Nectarina, 228 Palacagdina, 249, 2S3 Negroes, 63 Palms, 4, 13, 35, 58 Nelson, Lord, capture of Castillo, Palosabre, 130 31 Papaws, 66 Neocli/tus (Esopus (Bates), 315, n. Papilio, 108, 299 Nephila, 108, 317 Pani grass, 141, 308 Nequen, 360 Melastomffi at, 224 Nests, of birds, 289; of wasps, 290 Parasites, 84; on wasps' nests, 134 Neuwied, Prince Maximilian, on Parasitical insects, 209 nest of Tody, 291 Parrot, green-leek, 197 Nicaragua, bird fauna of, 377; Parrots, 6, 22, 158 civil war in, 342; conquest of Parsley, 70 by Spaniards, 359; division of, Passijlora quadrangularis, 69 into three zones, 32S; emigra- Passion-flower, 224 tion to, 3S6, 3S7; insects of, 379 Patagonia, migrations of butter- Nicaragua, name of chief, 359 flies, 153 Nicaraguan judges, 105 Paton, Mr., 5 soldiers, 63 Pavon, 60 Nicaraguans, hospitality of, 275, Pavones, 121 2S5; litigious, 105 Pilvos, 121 and Mexicans closely re- Peaches, 1S3 lated, 362 Peas, 70 Nicoya, Gulf of, 359 Pcdiculi, 210 Night-jars, 174 Pedrarias, 359 Nispera, 92, 1 16 Peua Blanca, ascent of, 143; rocks Nispral, 59 of, 146, 148; precipice of, 146 Nocturnal animals, 1 73 Penelope, 121
Pentatoma punicea, 127
Peopling of barren spots, 246
Pernambuco, healthiness of, 5
Peroxide of manganese, 89
of iron, 89
Peru, maize found in raised beaches
and tombs, 55
Petasophora delphine, 112
Petrels, 201
Phethornis longirostris, 130
Phalangide, 19
Phascolus multiforus, 70
Phasma, 383
Pheidole, sp., 181, 224, 227
Phenax, 229
Phenicothraupis fusicauda, 128
Phosphorescent myriapods, 141
Physa, 33
Pigeons, 46
wild, 158
Pigs, wild, 10, 30
Pine-apples, 66
trees, 216, 236
Pinuela, the, 254
Pinul, 293
Pinullo, 293
Pinus tenuifolia, 238
Pionia lycoides (Walker), 317
Pisoti, 120, 339
Pita, 57
Pital, 53
Plains, 46, 51
Planorbis, 331, 333
Plant-lice, 71, 226
Plantains, 12, 67, 386
Plantain-trees, 345
Plato, ontheisland of Atlantis, 270
Platyrhynchus, 123
Pliocene period, 264
Plough, Nicaraguan, 239
Plutonic intrusive rocks, 97
Polistes carnifex, 135
Polybia occidentalis, 220
Polyraphis Fabricii, 380
Pompilus polistoides, 133
Porphyritic dykes, 97
Port Just, veins of granite and
quartz at, 97
Pot-holes, 163
Pottery, 32, 154; ancient Indian,
154; gourd-shaped, 47
Pouches in Melastome, 223
Precipice at Pefia Blanca, 146
Priocnenis, 319
Prionyrhynchus carinatus, 123
Pseudomyrma bicolor, 219
Psidium, sp., 6
Pterochroza, 382
Puerta, La, 324
Pulque, 232
Pumpkins, 66, 70
Quartz, 89; conglomerate, 253,
286; rock, 258; veins, 86
Quebrada de Santo Domingo, 106
Quequisquea, 70
Quesal, the, 247
Quiches, 155
Quiscalus, 213, 329
RaPakL, San, 242
Ramphastus tocard, 124, 197
Ramphocelus passerinii, 6, 128
sanguinolentus, 128
Rats, 23
Rattles, Indian, 154
Reasoning powers in insects, 137
Reeve, Mr. Lovell, on mollusks,
333
Retorts, 93
Rio Frio, 32, 37; expeditions up,
37: Indians of, 32
Rio Grande, 204
Mico, 52, 150, 151, 188
—— Plata, migrations of butterflies, 153
—— Wanks, 255
Rivers, names of, 203
Rocks, carved, of Orinoco, 53 ; of
Essequibo, 53 ; of Virgin Islands,
53,
Rosa villosa, 226
Rose, glands on, 225
Rosechafer, 127
Sarto, El, 163
Salvin, Mr. Osbert, 377
Sanate, the, 213 ,
Sand-flies, 103 SpcrmopMln olivacea, 291 San Sebastian, 50 Spiders, S, 17, 19, no, 174, 314, Santarem, wasps at, 135 315.317 Sap, rise of, 232 Spider-monkeys, 117, 118, 341 Sarcopti, 211 Spinigcr hdcirornis, (Walk.), 319 Sarraccnia, 184 Spiny plants and trees, 46 Savallo river, 35 Spi7-aiithcs autiimnalis, fertilisa- Savannahs, 46, 51 tion of by humble bee, 1 32 Scale insects, 222, 225 Spoons, horn, for testing ores, 89 Scarlet-runners, 70 Spruce, ]Mr. R., on migrations of Schombiirgk, 53 butterflies, 153 Sclater, Dr., on the species of Squiers, Mr., 362; on the Lenca