Make each entry about one animal-built structure in J. G. Wood's 1866 Homes Without Hands, its materials or arrangement, and one visible relationship. Ground the central claim in a retrieved passage and use a genuinely matching source plate. Attribute historical observations to Wood or his named observer. Distinguish nurseries, traps, protective cases, dwellings and display structures; never imply all constructions are permanent homes. Original plates support depicted structure; colour remasters and generated artwork are interpretations, not biological evidence. Check captions against originals and passages. Vary taxa, materials, scale, construction and viewpoint. Exclude publisher advertisements, generic trivia, unsupported modern science, fabricated diagrams, invented quotations, anthropomorphic tools, fantasy structures and adopted colonial or racial hierarchies. Discuss historical prejudice only explicitly and when relevant to reading the book.

Image selection: use an available remastered source image in preference to the original, and select that remaster for the post. If no remaster exists, use the selected source display variant. Keep originals for source verification. Disclose remastered colour as interpretation; do not infer factual anatomy, labels or mechanisms from it.

Animal architecture through J. G. Wood's Homes Without Hands (1866): woven nests, hidden burrows, silk chambers and communal roofs. Original plates remastered by Pandi in 2026, with stories grounded in the book.

Homes Without Hands

Homes Without Hands: Being a Description of the Habitations of Animals, Classed According to Their Principle of Construction

A spider’s earth-covered flap can look like an ordinary patch of ground. It is hinged to a silk-lined tube and closes flush with the soil.

In one British Museum specimen, an older, disused flap lay about three inches below the newer entrance. Wood read it as evidence of added soil and inferred that the spider had extended its tube upward to build a new door. The old flap was observed; the rebuilding was inferred.

The sociable weavers’ great grass roof shelters a collection of distinct nests beneath it. Look for the separate openings along the underside. Wood distinguishes the common covering from the nests it protects: one roof does not mean one shared room.
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In the African-weaver plate, separate woven nests hang from their supports. Each suspended form has its own attachment. Compare this arrangement with nests gr

At first glance, a pond. Look below the surface: a spider’s silk chamber holds a pocket of air.
Each trip to the surface brings another bubble down to the web. The room is furnished with air.
Bell watched one spider make fourteen journeys, reshaping the chamber between trips. Fourteen belonged to that observation.
In Wood’s account, the spider settles head-down inside. Its home is underwater; the air came from above.

Wood’s caddis plate collects cases made with sticks, sand and shells. In the portable examples, the larva’s front emerges to move while its softer body stays within the case. The assortment shows different constructions, not a single design used by every caddis larva.
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Look to the left-hand tree for the house-builder moth, Oiketicus: Wood describes its caterpillar carrying a case of scraps of wood and leaf

Below the oval beetle cocoon, find the horizontal branch. Its small leaf-lined cells belong to Wood’s rose-cutter bee.
She cuts a nearly semicircular piece of leaf with her jaws, then carries it back to the burrow.
Curved pieces fit together into a little thimble. Inside go an egg and provisions of pollen mixed with honey.
One cell, then another: a nursery assembled along the burrow. Wood’s building material is leaf, not rose petals.

The British-gall plate groups oak galls with the rose’s moss-like bedeguar near the centre. Their outer shapes differ, but Wood invites the reader to think of a larva housed within plant tissue. These structures grow around their occupants instead of being woven from gathered material.
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In the foreign-gall plate, the angular fo